Diagnostics in Clinical Neuropsychology (6464CNDIAY_2425_S1)
Summary
2024 NEW Summary of All Literature Chapters for Diagnostics in Clinical Neuropsychology with 65 Example Exam Questions (CNP Leiden)
2 views 1 purchase
Course
Diagnostics in Clinical Neuropsychology (6464CNDIAY_2425_S1)
Institution
Universiteit Leiden (UL)
Book
Clinical neuropsychology
This is a summary from the newest version of the book by Roy Kessels (Clinical neuropsychology), summarizing chapter 13 to 25, which is needed for the exam. There are 65 practice exam questions (5 per chapter).
Grade received for this exam: 8.3!
Diagnostics in Clinical Neuropsychology (6464CNDIAY_2425_S1)
All documents for this subject (3)
Seller
Follow
lindej03
Content preview
Diagnostics Literature
October - December 2024
Clinical Neuropsychology
Leiden University
,Lectures & Associated Literature
Lecture Chapters
Dementia 1 13, 19, 21
Dementia 2 20, 21, 22
Multiple Sclerosis & Epilepsy 15, 23
Stroke & TBI 13, 14
Neuropsychiatry 25
Oncology & Brain Tumors 16
No lecture, but mandatory literature 17, 18, 24
,Chapter 13 → Vascular Cognitive Impairment
Introduction
● VCI includes several clinical syndromes & disorders
● Stroke often manifests as an acute loss of function in one side of body → loss of
strength, sensory disorders, loss of coordination, speaking difficulty
● Stroke is second leading cause of death
● Cause mild to severe cognitive decline
● Cognitive impairments affects functional recovery, quality of life, social participation
Vascular cognitive impairment
● Cognitive impairment from vascular issues → used to be called subcortical or multi
infarct or vascular dementia, now VCI as a conceptual framework (umbrella term)
● Within VCI → distinction between mild and major neurocognitive disorders (continuum)
● In clinical practice (severe) cognitive impairment from stroke is often not referred to as
dementia → dementia is traditionally thought of as progressive, while this is not always
the case in VCI
Epidemiology
● 40 000 people affected every year in the Netherlands
● Prevalence is rising due to aging (most people have a stroke at 65+)
● Young stroke (18-50) is in 15% of cases
● Cerebral hemorrhage is more linked to younger people than cerebral infarcts
● In recent decades number of deaths declined by better treatment methods and focus on
prevention
● 360 000 people are living with the consequences of a stroke in the Netherlands
Etiology of cerebral infarct and hemorrhage
● Introduction
, ○ Stroke → blood flow to brain is disturbed, brain is deprived of oxygen
○ Acute symptoms → inability to speak or use unilateral side of body
○ 80% have infarct (clot that clogs artery, prevents flow)
○ 20% have hemorrhage (ruptured blood vessel, bleeding in brain)
● Cerebral infarct
○ Embolism (blood clot) or stenosis of blood vessel obstructs an artery
○ Most common acute symptoms → drooping face, loss of body function, speaking
difficulty (one side of body)
○ Less common acute symptoms → vision loss, balance, coordination, headache,
fainting
○ Important to respond quickly and appropriately to minimize damage & prevent
complications
■ Acute phase → neurological assessment in hospital
■ Brain imaging (CT scan) → rule out hemorrhage or other causes
■ CT angiography (contrast) can show the presence & location
■ Patients at the hospital within a few hours with clear symptom onset can
receive intravenous thrombolytic therapy → drugs to dissolve blood clot
■ Endovascular treatment → microcatheters to remove blood clot
mechanically
● Transient ischemic attack
○ Temporary reduction in blood flow to small part of the brain
○ Symptoms occur and disappear within 24 hours
○ After TIA risk of second stroke is higher
○ In brain imaging often no abnormalities are found (only in ⅓ infarction found)
○ Many patient still report persistent cognitive complaints
○ 25% of TIAs are lacunar infarct → infarct in deeper structure of brain, causes a
small cavity (lacuna) to form
■ No clear clinical manifestation
■ At specific locations (thalamus & pons) can lead to motor impairments,
dysarthria, loss of sensation in acute phase
■ Symptoms usually disappear in the weeks & months after infarct but a
proportion do report persistent complaints (cognitive, fatigue, difficulty
working)
■ Associated with small blood vessel damage → dementia risk factor
● Cerebral hemorrhage
○ Rupture of brain blood vessel
○ Early symptoms → reduced consciousness, confusion, disorientation
■ Caused by increased intracranial pressure, mass effect of hemorrhage,
oedema (fluid in brain tissue)
○ Most often the bleeding is into the brain tissue (intracerebral) → acute treatment
is to reduce blood pressure to reduce pressure in the brain to stop the bleeding
○ Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) → bleeding between meninges
■ Severe → death in ½ of patients before reached hospital
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lindej03. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.43. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
