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Biology 102 Chapter 5

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Course
Biology 102

Institution
Washington State University - Pullman Campus

Biology 102 Chapter 5: This chapter covers metabolism, the chemical reactions within cells that include photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis is an anabolic process that converts sunlight into glucose, while cellular respiration is a catabolic process that breaks down glucose to ...

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Uploaded on January 8, 2025
File latest updated on January 8, 2025
Number of pages 9
Written in 2022/2023
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Michael jorgensen
Contains All classes

metabolism
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
anabolism
catabolism
enzymes
active site
substrate
energy
krebs cycle
oxidative phosphorylation
fermentation
chloroplast
atp adenosine triphosphate

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Biology 102: Learn Before Lecture #5
Q1. What term refers to all of the chemical reactions that occur inside a living cell?
Metabolism

Q2. What are the 2 metabolic pathways that drive most of the life on Earth?
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Q3. Which subatomic particles are central in the movement and storage of energy in
living cells? Electrons

Q4. What are the 2 types of metabolism and how do they differ? Match each one to
your answers from Q2.
● Anabolism (Photosynthesis) – Builds complex molecules and requires
energy.
● Catabolism (Cellular Respiration) – Breaks down complex molecules and
releases energy.

Q5. What molecule is used by cells to “carry” energy to where it is needed? Several
molecules do this, but one stands out as the most abundant. ATP (Adenosine
Triphosphate)

Q6. What is the source of the energy that drives photosynthesis? Sunlight

Q7. The energy from Q6 causes which molecule to split, releasing its electrons? Water
(H2O)

Q8. What are the two stages that makeup photosynthesis? Light Reactions and the
Calvin Cycle

Q9. From what molecule do plants get the carbon needed to produce sugar during
photosynthesis? Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Q10. Use the word bank below to fill in the missing terms.
(a) Enzymes are special proteins that act to (b) catalyze chemical reactions. This
involves (c) substrate molecules binding to the (d) active site and causing (c) induced
fit.

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, Biology 102 Chapter 5 - Photosynthesis
Life, Energy, and Matter
Living things use energy to manipulate matter (molecules).
Cells are tiny chemical factories with countless chemical reactions occurring at any moment.
Metabolism is all of an organismʼs chemical reactions.

Metabolic Pathways
Many chemical reactions are just one step of a larger metabolic pathway.
A metabolic pathway begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product.
Each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme.
Anabolism – building complex molecules – requires energy.
Catabolism – breaking down complex molecules – releases energy.

Enzyme Activity
Substrate – a specific molecule that the enzyme acts on.
Active site – position on the enzyme where the substrate binds.
Induced fit – substrate binding causes the enzyme to change shape. This catalyzes the
reaction.
After the reaction, the enzyme is intact. It can continue to catalyze other reactions.

Energy
● Energy - the ability to do work.
○ Comes in different forms.
Examples:
● Kinetic- energy of motion
● Light- energy from the sun
● Chemical - the energy of a molecule's electrons
● Energy can be transferred or transformed from one form into another, but it can not be
created or destroyed.
● When any energy is transferred or transformed, some of it "leaks" away as heat.
● Heat dissipates into space and can no longer fuel work.

Major Metabolic Pathways
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
ATP - adenosine triphosphate
"Rechargeable battery" of the cell
Other "energy carriers" include NADPH, NADH, & FADH2.

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