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CPAN/CAPA Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions 100% Correct!!!
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CPAN/CAPA Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions 100% Correct!!!
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CPAN/CAPA Questions And AnswersWith Verified Solutions 100% Correct!!!
What are crackles?
Answer: Crackles are heard during inspiration and occur due to fluid and exudate
in the terminal bronchioles or alveoli. They can be fine or coarse.
What is a wheeze?
Answer: A wheeze occurs due to partial airway obstruction or narrowing of the
airways.
What are rhonchi?
Answer: Rhonchi are snoring, rattling, or rumbling sounds heard during
expiration.
What is a pleural friction rub?
Answer: A pleural friction rub is caused by inflammation in the pleural lining,
producing a rough, creaking, or grating sound.
What is pseudocholinesterase?
Answer: Pseudocholinesterase is a serine hydrolase enzyme that hydrolyzes esters,
including succinylcholine, mivacurium, acetylcholine, and ester-type local
anesthetics.
What is succinylcholine?
Answer: Succinylcholine is the only depolarizing muscle relaxant, mimicking
acetylcholine. It is broken down by pseudocholinesterase, can cause bradycardia, is
rapid and short-acting, and may trigger malignant hyperthermia.
What is mivacurium?
Answer: Mivacurium is a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant that competes with
acetylcholine.
What is atracurium?
Answer: Atracurium is a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant metabolized by
Hoffman elimination and nonspecific plasma esterases, with an intermediate onset
of 3-5 minutes and a duration of 20-35 minutes.
, What is rocuronium?
Answer: Rocuronium is a non-depolarizing muscle relaxant eliminated by the
liver, with a rapid onset (1-1.5 minutes) and a duration of 12-30 minutes.
What is meperidine?
Answer: Meperidine is a pain medication often used for renal and biliary colic. It
can cause hypertensive crises and other side effects if used with MAOIs.
What is ketorolac?
Answer: Ketorolac is an NSAID that can inhibit platelet aggregation and may
cause bronchospasm, especially in asthma or those with aspirin sensitivity.
What is Nubain?
Answer: Nubain (nalbuphine) is a strong analgesic with a mixed
agonist/antagonist effect. It can reverse narcotic-induced respiratory depression
and may induce withdrawal symptoms in addicted individuals.
What does magnesium do?
Answer: Magnesium increases the potency of muscle relaxants.
What is physostigmine?
Answer: Physostigmine increases acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction and
can counter emergence delirium but may cause side effects like bradycardia,
nausea, and salivation.
What is flumazenil?
Answer: Flumazenil is used to reverse drowsiness, sedation, and respiratory
depression caused by benzodiazepines. It has a rapid onset and peaks within 5
minutes.
What do the suffixes -onium or -urium indicate?
Answer: These suffixes are used for non-depolarizing muscle relaxants.
What is metoclopramide?
Answer: Metoclopramide (Reglan) increases gastric motility and blocks dopamine
receptors to reduce vomiting.
How long after an epidural morphine bolus should it be reassessed?
Answer: Epidural morphine should be reassessed 6-8 hours after the bolus dose, as
its effects can last up to 12 hours.
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