The uploaded document is a detailed compilation of concepts, methods, and principles related to soil mechanics, authored by Kashish Bangotra. It covers key topics including soil properties, classification systems, water content determination methods, unit weight measurement techniques, compaction a...
1) Indurated clay: Hardening of clay due to heat & pressure
2) Lithification: process by which unconsolidated mass is converted into solid rock
3) Water content Determination:
i. Oven Dry Method:
•Most accurate results
•moist sample→24 hr
•temperature→ 105°C - 110°C
*Organic soil→ 60°C - 80°C
A
TR
O
ii. Pycnometer Method:
•Second fastest method
•determines water content & specific gravity
•suitable for (Gs) value 27 °C
•Dry sample
G
N
BA
H
IS
iii. Sand Bath Method:
•field method
•Leads to uniform heating of soil
SH
iv. Torsion balance method:
•Used for hygroscopic soil
*Hygroscopic→soil absorbs water quickly from the atmosphere
KA
v. Calcium carbide method:
•Fastest method
•Acetylene gas is used
, SOIL MECHANICS
vi. Radiation method:
•Common in both
4) Measurement Of Unit Weight:
● Core cutter method
● sand replacement method
● water displacement method
● water balloon method
● Radiation method
1.Core cutter method:
•Field method
•volume of core cutter is known
A
•adopted in soft fine grained soils
TR
•cannot be adopted in Sandy (coarse grained soil or gravel)
•used for soil which is exposed
Unit weight (γt) = weight of soil/ known volume of core cutter
O
2. Sand replacement method:
G
•Used when core cutting method is not suitable
Eg- in sand, gravels etc.
N
BA
INDEX PROPERTIES OF SOIL
•helps us to find out engineering behaviour of soils
•assists in classifying the soils
Various index properties of coarse grained soils are:-
H
● Grain size
● Grain shape
IS
● Relative density
Index properties of fine grained soils are:-
Consistency limits:
SH
5) Grain Size Analysis:
•Find out proportion by mass of various sizes of particles present in soil
•It is done by sieve analysis for CGS
SH
KA
Sieve Analysis:
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