____________ is the study of the mechanism of action of drugs,
the therapeutic and toxic effects, and the relationship between
the chemical structure and its activity Correct Answers
pharmacodynamics
50% Effect Level Correct Answers the dose required to
produce 50% of the maximal effect
A compound has to be tested on what first? Correct Answers
Cells in culture
A drug that binds readily to available receptors even if the
concentration of drug is relatively low is said to have _______
for that receptor Correct Answers high affinity
A ligand that is ________ binds to the receptor and activates it,
while a ligand that is ________ will inhibit the receptor from
becoming activated Correct Answers agonist; antagonist
A new drug is often discovered and released to the public
market without preclinical testing (animals) since the Food and
Drug Administration does not require this step Correct Answers
false
A patient is in the process of having a heart attack due to the
sudden formation of an arterial thrombus in his coronary artery.
,To break up the clot and save the patient's life, the best drug to
use is Correct Answers a fibrinolytic drug (e.g. streptokinase or
tPA)
A receptor is normally a _______? Correct Answers protein
A receptor may undergo a ______ change or become ______?
Correct Answers shape, phosphorylated
Ability of a drug to initiate a cellular response after the drug
binds to its target receptor is referred to as Correct Answers
efficacy
Acyclovir Correct Answers Treats herpes simplex virus and
varicella-zoster virus; inhibits DNA synthesis- it requires a viral
protein to activate it so it does not harm the host cell
Affinity Correct Answers the drug's ability to bind to its
receptor
Albumin and age Correct Answers albumin decreases with age
so the drug can have toxic effects if too much reaches the target
tissue (rather than staying bound to albumin)
Albumin and drugs Correct Answers Some drugs will be free
in the blood stream and others will bind to albumin; free drugs
are the ones that produce desired effects on the target tissues
Alkylating drug mechanism Correct Answers exert their effect
by reacting with one of the four nucleotide bases in the DNA
, structure, guanine; replication and gene expression cannot take
place
Alkylating drugs use Correct Answers used to treat a variety of
leukemias, carcinomas, and other neoplasms
All of the following are parenteral routes of drug administration
EXCEPT the ____ route Correct Answers oral
Alopecia (hair loss) is a permanent side effect of chemotherapy
in the most cases Correct Answers false
Aminoglycosides Correct Answers Inhibit bacteria by blocking
protein synthesis
Aminoglycosides family Correct Answers tobramycin,
kanamycin, neomycin, gentamicin, steptomycin
Amphotericin B Correct Answers Attacks the unique lipids in
fungi compromising the stability of the fungus; broad spectrum
of antiviral activity; toxicity- renal impairment
An anticoagulant heparin is usually administrated orally Correct
Answers false
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