1Maternity Nursing: Pregnancy and childbirth 2025
5x15 Window -ansThe fetal heart accelerates at least 15 bpm above the baseline for at least 15 seconds. Used as the basis for NST.
4 Positive Signs of Pregnancy -ansVisualization on US, fetal heart sounds, palpable fetal movements, visible fetal...
Maternity Nursing: Pregnancy and childbirth 2025
15x15 Window -ansThe fetal heart accelerates at least 15 bpm above the baseline for at least 15 seconds. Used
as the basis for NST.
4 Positive Signs of Pregnancy -ansVisualization on US, fetal heart sounds, palpable fetal movements, visible
fetal movements
4 Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy -ansBreast changes (swelling, tingling, soreness), amenorrhea, morning
sickness, urinary frequency
8 Probable Signs of Pregnancy -ansPresence of hCG in blood, presence of hCG in the urine, uterine growth,
Braxton Hicks, ballottment of fetus, Chadwick's sign, Hegar's sign, Goodell's sign.
Affect of pregnancy on vital signs -ansPulse increases by about 10-15bpm on average
BP normally decreases slightly
Respirations may increase due to SOB as a result of hormones in the firs trimester and the expanding uterus in
the third trimester
All previous pregnancies a woman has had, regardless of outcome. -ansGravida
Anticipatory signs of labor -ans2 weeks prior: presenting part may settle into pelvic cavity ("baby has dropped",
"lightening"). Often not experienced in multiparity
Braxton-Hicks contractions begin occuring more frequenbtly and may become uncomfortable, resulting in a
feeling called "false labor." Decrease in intensity with walking or position changes.
GI disturbances
Mucus plug expulsion/bloody show
Burst of energy 24-48 hrs before onset of labor; may have energy and desire to take on large projects in
preparation for baby's arrival ("nesting"). Caution her not to over-exert herself because she'll need that energy
during labor
, At what stage in gestation can the fundus be palpated halfway between the symphysis pubis and the
umbilicus? -ans16 weeks gestation
Attitude in which fetus is neither flexed nor hyperextended; larger head diameter presents -ansMilitary
presentation
Attitude of full extension, forehead presents first -ansFace presentation
Attitude of partial extension -ansBrow presentation
Belief that the way to make childbirth an enjoyable experience is to copy what animals do naturally duing the
birthing process. This includes darkness and solitude, quiet atmosphere, physical comfort and relaxation,
controlled breathing and closed eyes with the appearance of sleep. -ansBradley Method
Bluish-purplish color of the cervix, vagina and perineum -ansChadwick's sign, a probable sign of pregnancy
Bony passageway through which fetus must travel during delivery, including the inlet, midpelvis and outlet -
ansTrue pelvis
Causes symptoms similar to the common cold during pregnancy -ansVasocongestion
Clinical signs of impending labor -ansDilation
Effacement
Clotting during pregnancy -ansHypercoagulable state due to increased production of fibrinogen (protective
mechanism for childbirth). Can lead to DVT.
Combines Dick-Read Method with Pavlov's theory of conditioned response. The goal is to have the woman
respond during labor with the conditioned responses to pain, rather than natural responses like holding her
breath and tensing. Also encourages birthing partner support during labor with things like praise and
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