Summary
Samenvatting chemie
- Course
- Institution
Samenvatting chemie over de lessen gegeven door Robberecht.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Silkevdd
Content preview
Samenvatting Chemie:Inhoud
Stoffen en elementen (PPT 1) ................................................................................................................. 5
Inleiding: de ontwikkeling van de moderne chemie. .......................................................................... 5
Huidig beeld..................................................................................................................................... 5
5 grote fasen.................................................................................................................................... 5
Praktische kunsten (voor 600 B.C.) ............................................................................................. 5
De Grieken (600 B.C. – 300 B.C.) ................................................................................................. 5
Twee belangrijke theorieën..................................................................................................... 5
Alchemie (300 B.C. – 1650 AD.) ................................................................................................... 6
Robert Boyle: ........................................................................................................................... 6
Flogiston (1650 – 1790) ............................................................................................................... 6
Georg Ernest Stahl: .................................................................................................................. 6
Moderne chemie (1750 – heden) ................................................................................................ 6
Antoine Lavoisier: .................................................................................................................... 6
Materie, mengsels en zuivere stoffen ................................................................................................. 7
Bouw van de materie ...................................................................................................................... 7
Mengsels en zuivere stoffen........................................................................................................ 7
1) Voorwerpeigenschappen ................................................................................................ 7
2) Stofeigenschappen .......................................................................................................... 7
3) Mengsels VS. Zuivere stof................................................................................................ 8
4) Scheidingstechnieken ...................................................................................................... 8
5) Zuivere stoffen............................................................................................................... 10
6) Eigenschappen van de elementen................................................................................. 11
Dieper inzicht in de structuur van atomen = atoommodellen (PPT 2).................................................. 13
Structuur van atomen, moleculen en stoffen ................................................................................... 13
Het deeltjesmodel ......................................................................................................................... 13
Atoommodellen............................................................................................................................. 14
Het Daltonmodel ....................................................................................................................... 14
Het Thomsonmodel ................................................................................................................... 14
Het Rutherfordmodel ................................................................................................................ 14
Radioactieve straling ..................................................................................................................... 14
Bouw van een atoomkern ............................................................................................................. 14
Isotopen......................................................................................................................................... 15
Gemiddelde relatieve atoommassa .............................................................................................. 15
, De nuclidenkaart ........................................................................................................................... 15
Intermezzo – standaardmodel ...................................................................................................... 16
Radioactiviteit................................................................................................................................ 16
-verval ..................................................................................................................................... 16
β-verval ...................................................................................................................................... 16
γ-straling .................................................................................................................................... 17
Halfwaardetijd ............................................................................................................................... 17
14
C-datering ................................................................................................................................... 17
Vervalreeksen ................................................................................................................................ 17
Verklaring vuurwerk en het atoommodel van Bohr...................................................................... 18
Atoommodel van Bohr .................................................................................................................. 18
Atoommodel van Sommerfield ..................................................................................................... 19
Magnetische niveaus ................................................................................................................. 19
Spin ............................................................................................................................................ 19
Samenvattend ....................................................................................................................... 20
Elektronenconfiguratie .................................................................................................................. 20
1) Regel van de minimale energie ......................................................................................... 20
2) Regel van Hund .................................................................................................................. 21
3) Regel van Pauli................................................................................................................... 21
4) Voorstellingswijze:............................................................................................................. 21
5) Stabiliteitsregels ................................................................................................................ 21
Toepassingen: het PSE ................................................................................................................... 22
Elektronenegativiteit ..................................................................................................................... 23
Atomen en hun oxidatiegetallen ................................................................................................... 23
Elektronen als ladingswolk ............................................................................................................ 24
Orbitalen........................................................................................................................................ 24
Dieper inzicht in de structuur van moleculen en stoffen = bindingsmodellen (PPT 3) ......................... 25
Bindingsmodellen .............................................................................................................................. 25
Karakteristieken van een chemische binding ................................................................................ 25
Bindingslengte ........................................................................................................................... 25
Bindingsenergie ......................................................................................................................... 25
Chemische binding .................................................................................................................... 26
Atoombinding ................................................................................................................................ 26
Atoombindingen van het donor-acceptortype ......................................................................... 26
Donor-acceptormodel ........................................................................................................... 26
Donor ..................................................................................................................................... 26
Lewisformules van covalente ongebonden deeltjes ................................................................. 26
, Lewisstructuur ....................................................................................................................... 26
Stapsgewijs opstellen ............................................................................................................ 26
2) Bereken totaal aantal elektronen.................................................................................. 27
3) Verbind de atomen eerst met een enkele binding ....................................................... 27
4) Vul vrije elektronenparen aan totdat het totale aantal elektronen verdeeld is ........... 27
5) Kijk formele ladingen na ................................................................................................ 27
6) Pas de notatie eventueel aan ........................................................................................ 27
Molecuulorbitalen ..................................................................................................................... 27
σ-binding ............................................................................................................................... 27
π-binding ............................................................................................................................... 28
Ruimtelijke structuur van moleculen ................................................................................................ 28
Tekortkomingen van de Lewisstructuur: ....................................................................................... 28
Factoren die ruimtelijke structuur beïnvloeden ........................................................................... 28
Bindingslengte ........................................................................................................................... 28
Atoomstraal ........................................................................................................................... 29
Ionstraal ................................................................................................................................. 29
Bindingshoeken ......................................................................................................................... 29
Sterisch getal ......................................................................................................................... 29
Afwijkende bindingshoeken .................................................................................................. 30
Krachten tussen en binnen moleculen .............................................................................................. 30
Intermoleculaire krachten ............................................................................................................. 31
Dispersiekrachten ...................................................................................................................... 31
Dipoolkrachten .......................................................................................................................... 32
Waterstofbrugkrachten ............................................................................................................. 32
Ion-dipoolkrachten .................................................................................................................... 33
Toepassingen – aggregatietoestand ................................................................................................. 33
Ionverbinding ................................................................................................................................ 33
Metaalbinding ............................................................................................................................... 34
Atoombinding ................................................................................................................................ 34
....................................................................................................................................................... 34
Stofklassen herkennen (PPT 4) – hoort deels bij CH1-1b ...................................................................... 35
Moleculen als zuivere stof................................................................................................................. 35
Oxiden ........................................................................................................................................... 35
Metaaloxiden............................................................................................................................. 35
Niet-metaaloxiden ..................................................................................................................... 35
Oxidatiegetallen ........................................................................................................................ 35
Eigenschappen oxiden ............................................................................................................... 36
, Zuren ............................................................................................................................................. 37
Definitie ..................................................................................................................................... 37
Indeling ...................................................................................................................................... 37
Formule + naamgeving .............................................................................................................. 37
Eigenschappen........................................................................................................................... 37
Basen ............................................................................................................................................. 38
Definities.................................................................................................................................... 38
Formule + naamgeving .............................................................................................................. 38
indeling ...................................................................................................................................... 38
Eigenschappen........................................................................................................................... 38
Zouten ........................................................................................................................................... 39
Formule en indeling................................................................................................................... 39
Formule + naamgeving .............................................................................................................. 39
Eigenschappen........................................................................................................................... 39
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Silkevdd. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.63. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
51036 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now