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Samenvatting organisatiesociologie
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Samenvatting organisatiesociologie door Monique Ramioul
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SamenvattingORGANISATIE-
SOCIOLOGIE
Fien Gilias
,Inhoudstafel
1 – inleiding ......................................................................................................................................... 4
waarom organisatiesociologie? ....................................................................................................................... 4
2 – definitie, missie en strategie ........................................................................................................... 5
definitie .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Sociale systemen .................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Doelgericht ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Functionaliseren en coördineren ........................................................................................................................................... 6
Open systeem ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Types van organisaties .................................................................................................................................... 7
Dynamiek en stabiliteit: een VOCA wereld ............................................................................................................................ 7
de organisatie sociologisch bekeken ............................................................................................................... 8
Sociologische stromingen ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
sociale stromingen .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Rationalisme .......................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Interactionisme .................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Conflicttheorie ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Functionalisme ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12
drie kernproblemen van organisaties ............................................................................................................ 13
3 – strategie, doel & effectiviteit ........................................................................................................ 14
Doelen .......................................................................................................................................................... 14
strategie ....................................................................................................................................................... 15
Porter’s Strategietypologie .................................................................................................................................................. 15
Miles and Snow’s typologie ................................................................................................................................................. 15
Organisatie-ontwerp ..................................................................................................................................... 16
Contingentietheorie ............................................................................................................................................................. 16
effectiviteit en efficiëntie .............................................................................................................................. 17
Contingentiebenaderingen voor het meten van organisatie-effectiviteit ........................................................................... 17
Gewogen stakeholdersbenadering ...................................................................................................................................... 18
concurrerende waardenbenadering .................................................................................................................................... 19
Effectiviteitswaarden van organisaties ................................................................................................................................ 19
4 – de rationele organisatie Brunsson – organisaties hervormen........................................................ 20
De rol van het management .......................................................................................................................... 20
organisatiehervormingen = rationele hervormingen ..................................................................................... 20
Obstakels voor hervormingen .............................................................................................................................................. 21
Besluit van Brunsson ............................................................................................................................................................ 21
5 – arbeidsdeling – externe omgeving en organisatieontwerp ........................................................... 22
Structuur van de organisatie ......................................................................................................................... 22
meubelfabriekje ............................................................................................................................................ 22
de externe omgeving .................................................................................................................................... 23
Organisatieontwerp ...................................................................................................................................... 25
Coördinatie en integratie .............................................................................................................................. 25
Thompson’s classificatie van interdependenties ................................................................................................................. 25
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, Funtionele structuur en stroomsgewijze structuur ............................................................................................................. 26
Matrix organisatie ................................................................................................................................................................ 28
Coördinatiemechanismen voor verschillende interdependenties in een productiebedrijf .............................. 29
geschiedenis van arbeidsdeling ..................................................................................................................... 29
Arbeidsdelingprincipes .................................................................................................................................. 30
Arbeidsdeling binnen bedrijfsfuncties ........................................................................................................... 30
Taylorisme: basis voor verregaande arbeidsdeling ........................................................................................ 32
6 – Bureaucratie ................................................................................................................................ 33
Kenmerken ................................................................................................................................................... 33
Sociologische perspectieven.......................................................................................................................... 34
Max Weber: Rationalisme.................................................................................................................................................... 34
Karl Marx: Conflicttheorie en klassenstrijd .......................................................................................................................... 35
Conclusie .............................................................................................................................................................................. 37
7 – globalisering ................................................................................................................................ 38
Internationalisering en globalisering ............................................................................................................. 38
Global sourcing .................................................................................................................................................................... 38
interorganisationele samenwerking .............................................................................................................. 39
Wat is de rationaliteit om werk uit te besteden? ................................................................................................................ 39
Wat verandert er aan het werk bij verplaatsing? ................................................................................................................ 40
contrast in de uitkomsten ............................................................................................................................. 42
Storingsgevoeligheid ..................................................................................................................................... 43
conclusies ..................................................................................................................................................... 43
8 – lidmaatschap en organisatie ........................................................................................................ 44
Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................ 44
Twee subsystemen van een organisatie .............................................................................................................................. 44
lidmaatschap en grensvervaging: triangulatie ............................................................................................... 46
Triangulatie .......................................................................................................................................................................... 47
de Labour Process Theory ............................................................................................................................. 47
Karl Marx .............................................................................................................................................................................. 47
Het arbeidscontract ............................................................................................................................................................. 47
Labour Process Theory ......................................................................................................................................................... 48
Het hamburgermodel .................................................................................................................................... 49
De organisatie als open systeem.......................................................................................................................................... 49
Het hamburgermodel .......................................................................................................................................................... 49
twee archetypische organisatieparadigmata ................................................................................................. 52
9 – dienstenorganisaties .................................................................................................................... 54
wat kenmerkt diensten? (traditionele benadering) ....................................................................................... 54
Kritische analyse en recente trends ............................................................................................................... 55
Diensten zijn een immaterieel product................................................................................................................................ 55
Uno acto ............................................................................................................................................................................... 55
Interactie met de klant......................................................................................................................................................... 55
Diensten zijn arbeidsintensief .............................................................................................................................................. 55
Kwaliteit is perceptie en moeilijk te meten ......................................................................................................................... 57
2
, conclusie ....................................................................................................................................................... 58
10 – Kennis in organisaties................................................................................................................. 59
Kennistheorie................................................................................................................................................ 59
Explicitete of gecodifieerde kennis ...................................................................................................................................... 59
Impliciete of tacit (stilzwijgende) kennis .............................................................................................................................. 59
Relatie tussen expliciete en impliciete kennis ..................................................................................................................... 59
Kennismanagement ...................................................................................................................................... 60
Definitie................................................................................................................................................................................ 60
De rationele kennisbenadering ............................................................................................................................................ 60
Resource-based theories ..................................................................................................................................................... 61
Kennis in Labour Process Theory ................................................................................................................... 62
11 – Technologie en digitalisering ...................................................................................................... 63
Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................ 63
Productietechnologie op organisatieniveau .................................................................................................. 63
Woodward’s classificatie ..................................................................................................................................................... 63
Technologie: het doel .......................................................................................................................................................... 64
Organisatiekenmerken vergeleken ...................................................................................................................................... 65
Kritische reflecties en debat .......................................................................................................................... 66
Impact op banen .................................................................................................................................................................. 68
Technologisch optimisme .................................................................................................................................................... 69
Technologisch determinisme ............................................................................................................................................... 71
Scenario’s ............................................................................................................................................................................. 71
Besluit en aanbevelingen .............................................................................................................................. 72
12 – gastles: technologische innovatie in organisaties ....................................................................... 73
Wat gebeurt er in de rpaktijk?....................................................................................................................... 73
Opdracht ....................................................................................................................................................... 73
gelijkenissen en verschillen ........................................................................................................................... 75
verklaringen .................................................................................................................................................. 77
Verklaring 1: arbeidsdeling .................................................................................................................................................. 77
Verklaring 2: technologie zelf .............................................................................................................................................. 78
Conclusies ..................................................................................................................................................... 79
13 – Platformorganisaties .................................................................................................................. 80
Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................................ 80
On-call work.................................................................................................................................................. 80
Controlemechanismen ......................................................................................................................................................... 81
Managementfuncties ........................................................................................................................................................... 81
Centrale coördinatie- en controlefuncties ........................................................................................................................... 81
Conclusie: een nieuwe vorm van lidmaatschap ................................................................................................................... 82
Online crowd working ................................................................................................................................... 82
Amazon Mechanical Turk ..................................................................................................................................................... 82
Kenmerken ........................................................................................................................................................................... 83
De productiestructuur ......................................................................................................................................................... 84
Het organisatie-lidmaatschap .............................................................................................................................................. 85
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