Summary
Samenvatting statistiek voor humane wetenschappen
- Course
- Institution
Samenvatting statistiek voor humane wetenschappen door Dirk Speelman
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
fien81
Content preview
SAMENVATTINGSTATISTIEK VOOR DE HUMANE WETENSCHAPPEN
FIEN GILIAS
,Inhoudstafel
1 – eerste verkenning van de datasets ............................................................................................... 6
meetniveaus (level of measurement) ............................................................................................................ 6
Onderscheid 1: sta/s/sche vs non-sta/s/sche variabelen ........................................................................................ 6
Onderscheid 2: categorische vs numerische variabelen ............................................................................................ 6
2 – basisinstruc5es in rstudio ............................................................................................................. 7
inleiding ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
Se<ng work directory ............................................................................................................................................... 7
Uitvoeren R-instruc/es .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Beschikbaar maken van een package ........................................................................................................................ 7
Meldingen die je krijgt bij ac/veren van /dyverse packages..................................................................................... 7
importeren data ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Importeren van een tsv-bestand ............................................................................................................................... 8
Bestanden inspecteren .............................................................................................................................................. 8
Importeren van dataset ............................................................................................................................................. 8
Opvragen van documenta/e ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Inspecteren van een object ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Inspecteren van eigenschappen van data frame ..................................................................................................... 10
Aanpassen van data frames ........................................................................................................................ 11
Nieuwe kolommen maken ....................................................................................................................................... 11
Inspec/e resultaat met frequen/etabel .................................................................................................................. 13
Inspec/e resultaat met staafdiagram ...................................................................................................................... 14
Inspec/e structuur van object met str() .................................................................................................................. 14
Omze<ng van character data naar factor ............................................................................................................... 15
Verwijderen van een kolom met select() ................................................................................................................. 16
Hernoemen van levels met fct_recode() ................................................................................................................. 17
Levels samenklappen met fct_recode() ................................................................................................................... 17
Numerische code omzeXen naar factors of logische variabelen ............................................................................. 18
Liever logical variable dan numerische codes voor ja-nee-variabelen .................................................................... 18
Kruistabel maken ..................................................................................................................................................... 19
Kruistabel visueel voorstellen .................................................................................................................................. 19
Verwijderen van meerdere kolommen met select () ............................................................................................... 20
Aanmaken van vectoren met c () ............................................................................................................................. 20
Een data frame als tsv-bestand opslaan .................................................................................................................. 20
Sorteren en filteren ................................................................................................................................................. 21
Met filter() een sub-dataframe maken die slechte bepaalde rijen bevat ................................................................ 23
grafieken .................................................................................................................................................... 24
Spreidingsdiagram van languages tegenover sta/s/cs ............................................................................................ 24
Staafdiagram voor math .......................................................................................................................................... 27
Staafdiagram voor sex ............................................................................................................................................. 27
3 – descrip5eve sta5s5ek ................................................................................................................. 28
centraliteit .................................................................................................................................................. 28
Maten van centraliteit ............................................................................................................................................. 28
1
, Modus ...................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Histogram ................................................................................................................................................................ 29
Het gemiddelde ....................................................................................................................................................... 30
De mediaan.............................................................................................................................................................. 32
Kwar/elen ................................................................................................................................................................ 32
Kwan/elen & percen/elen ...................................................................................................................................... 32
centrummaten berekenen in R.................................................................................................................... 33
Gemiddelde, mediaan, kwan/el, min en max ......................................................................................................... 33
Skim ( ) en descr ( ) .................................................................................................................................................. 33
Alterna/eve nota/e met pipe-symbol ..................................................................................................................... 33
Filteren in het resultaat van descrip/eve sta/s/eken ............................................................................................. 34
De Rfunc/e summarize ............................................................................................................................................ 34
Group_by ................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Gewogen gemiddelde in RStudio............................................................................................................................. 35
de modus berekenen in RStudio .............................................................................................................................. 36
De modus voor een numerische variabele met veel mogelijke waarden ................................................................ 37
spreidingsmaten ......................................................................................................................................... 38
Mate van spreiding (dispersion, spread) ................................................................................................................. 38
Bereik ....................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Varian/e................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Standaardafwijking / standaarddevia/e .................................................................................................................. 39
Standaardiseren van variabele ................................................................................................................................ 39
Varia/ecoëfficient .................................................................................................................................................... 40
Interkwar/elbereik .................................................................................................................................................. 40
spreidingsmaten berekenen in rstudio ........................................................................................................ 41
Skim ......................................................................................................................................................................... 41
Descr ........................................................................................................................................................................ 41
Summarize ............................................................................................................................................................... 41
vorm ........................................................................................................................................................... 42
Scheefeid / skewness ............................................................................................................................................. 42
Kurtosis .................................................................................................................................................................... 42
covarianBe en correlaBe ............................................................................................................................. 43
Covarian/e............................................................................................................................................................... 43
Correla/e ................................................................................................................................................................. 45
Berekenen van covarian/e en correla/e in RStudio ................................................................................................ 46
4 – datavisualisa5e .......................................................................................................................... 47
Staafdiagram (bar plot) ............................................................................................................................................ 47
Historgrammen en dichtheidsgrafieken................................................................................................................... 47
Count histograms maken in RStudio ........................................................................................................................ 48
Het toevoegen van een face<ng laag ..................................................................................................................... 48
Frequen/epolygoons ............................................................................................................................................... 49
Dichtheidsgrafieken maken in RStudio .................................................................................................................... 50
Een rug plot (tapijt) .................................................................................................................................................. 52
Een rijk dichtheidshistogram maken in RStudio....................................................................................................... 53
Cumula/eve frequen/egrafiek ................................................................................................................................ 54
2
, De cumula/eve frequen/egrafiek ........................................................................................................................... 55
Rela/eve frequen/e distribu/eplot maken in RStudio ............................................................................................ 56
Boxplot..................................................................................................................................................................... 57
Gladde lijnen toevoegen aan scaXer plots (spreidingsdiagrammen) ...................................................................... 60
5 – kansverdeling ............................................................................................................................. 61
stochasBsch experiment ............................................................................................................................. 61
Doen van een me/ng............................................................................................................................................... 61
Het begrip popula/e ................................................................................................................................................ 61
kans ............................................................................................................................................................ 62
Een gebeurtenis ....................................................................................................................................................... 62
De kans op een gebeurtenis .................................................................................................................................... 62
Conceptualiseren van kans op gebeurtenissen ....................................................................................................... 63
Wet van grote getallen ............................................................................................................................................ 63
KansweXen .............................................................................................................................................................. 64
Kansbomen .............................................................................................................................................................. 66
De regel van Bayes voor gestra/ficeerde data......................................................................................................... 67
kansverdeling ............................................................................................................................................. 68
Dichtheidsfunc/e ..................................................................................................................................................... 68
Verdelingsfunc/e ..................................................................................................................................................... 70
Kwan/elfunc/e ........................................................................................................................................................ 71
Popula/eparameters ............................................................................................................................................... 72
modellen .................................................................................................................................................... 75
Modellen voor discrete variabelen .............................................................................................................. 75
Binaire verdeling ...................................................................................................................................................... 75
Binomiale verdeling ................................................................................................................................................. 77
Poissonverdelingen .................................................................................................................................................. 81
Modellen voor conBnue variabelen ............................................................................................................ 84
Exponen/ële verdelingen ........................................................................................................................................ 84
Normaalverdeling .................................................................................................................................................... 86
Andere verdelingen ................................................................................................................................................. 88
centrale limietstelling ................................................................................................................................. 89
CLT voor een gestandaardiseerde gemiddelde Z ..................................................................................................... 91
CLT voor een gestandaardiseerd gemiddelde T ....................................................................................................... 91
6 – normaliteitstoetsen .................................................................................................................... 92
normaal kwanBeldiagram ........................................................................................................................... 92
QQ plots analyseren op normaliteit ........................................................................................................................ 96
shapiro-Wilk test ........................................................................................................................................ 99
de lilliefors test ......................................................................................................................................... 100
Werking van de Kolmogorov-Smirnov test ............................................................................................................ 100
Werking van de Lilliefors test ................................................................................................................................. 100
Het effect van outliers ........................................................................................................................................... 103
3
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller fien81. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.05. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
51292 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now