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Summary AQA a-level Biology Mitosis Notes
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Summary Notes on everything you need to know for a-level biology mitosis when it comes to eukaryotes.
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cell Cycle -cells that have the ability to divide will
go through the cell cycle
·
G1 phase :1 Phase cell growth andreplication of organelles cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm divides and the cell
stages of the cell cycle 1 S phase Sphasec DNA replication splits into 2 (mitosis) and 4 (meiosis
1.
interphase G2 phase G2 phase of proteins
> cell
growth , synthesis
.
2 -
mitosis
.
3
cytokinesis
mitosis produces two daughter cells that have the some amount of chromosomes as the parent cell and each other
g it
M
Mitosis , the division of a cell that results in
Identice daughter chan
copy of the DNA from the parent cell
prophase
nuclear - nuclear envelope breaks down
envelope
*
~ centrioles begin to form the spindle G
~
~ chromosomes condense and become compact
&
&
S
~ chromosomes are visible
metaphase
~ chromosomes attach to the spindle using the centromere
to calculate how long is spent in a certain phase, count the
centries
~ chromosomes are pulled along the spindle apparatus number of cells then work out the amount in that phase, then
~ chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell multiply by the total time to find the time in that phase
homologous pai. . . . . .
↳
anaphase ·
pair of chromosomes ,
one maternal and one
n
paternal that have the same gene loci, determining
the same features
~ chromosomes divide at the centromere into two sister chromatids
....
~
spindle contracts and chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
energy from the process is provided by the mitochondria
~
mitosis is a controlled process, when a rare mutation happens and it
telophase becomes uncontrollable it will lead to the formation of tumours or cancers
·
two form set of chromosomes
nucleolusimportance .
nuclear envelopes around the new
f
-
-
cytoplasm divides to form two cells cytokinesis of mios a
~
spindle disintegrates growth
repair
reproduction
-
one One chromosome *
when DNA not replicated chromosomes consist of
&& , Gr
is one
chromosome - ,
centromere
M M
molecule of DNA associated with histone proteins
DNA replication *
, mitosis
·
after DNA replication ,
chromosomes consist of two identical
-
U &satids - - *
chromatids
Sister chromatids
joined
are
at the centromere
separated during mitosis > chromosomes
homologous
chromosomes
-
homologoushomologoa a
homologous consist of one DNA molecule again
chromosomes
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