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Summary Tema 7 - Diagramas de fase
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1. Diagramas de fase e Lei de Gibbs 2. Sistemas isomorfos binarios 3. Sistemas eutécticos binarios 4. Sistemas periféricos binarios
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TECNOLOXÍA DOS MATERIAIS TEMA 7TEMA 7
DIAGRAMAS DE FASE
7.1 – DIAGRAMAS DE FASE E LEI DE GIBBS
DIAGRA
DIAGRAMAS DE FASE:
FASE:
Representación gráfica das fases dun
dun sistema en función da temperatura,
temperatura presión e composición.
composición
Os diagramas de equilibrio de fases permiten:
• Coñecer qué fases están presentes a diferentes composicións e temperaturas.
• Determinar a solubilidade en estado sólido dun composto noutro.
• Averiguar a temperatura inicial e final de solidificación dunha aliaxe.
En definitiva, permiten coñecer moitos aspectos do comportamento
mento macroscópico dos materiais.
Cada vez que se produce un cambio de fase este é a temperatura constante.
constante
LEI DE GIBBS:
Permite deducir o número de fases que poden coexistir en equilibrio nun sistema.
F: Número de graos de liberdade.
C: Número de compoñentes do sistema.
F=C–P+2
P: Número de fases presentes.
2: Factores de equilibrio (presión e temperatura).
DIAGRAMAS DE FASE DUN MATERIAL PURO:
P = 1 → Monofásico.
① C = 1 → Un compoñente.
F = 1 – 1 + 2 = 2 → Bivariante.
P = 2 → Bifásico.
② C = 1 → Un compoñente.
F = 1 – 2 + 2 = 1 → Monovariante.
①
② P = 3 → Trifásico.
③
③ C = 1 → Un compoñente.
F = 1 – 3 + 2 = 0 → Invariante.
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