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Summary Tema 9 - Materiais cerámicos
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1. Cerámicas tradicionais 2. Cerámicas de enxeñaría 3. Vidros
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TECNOLOXÍA DOS MATERIAIS TEMA 9TEMA 9
MATERIAIS CERÁMICOS
9.1 – CERÁMICAS TRADICIONAIS
A maioría están baseadas en silicatos.
silicatos
ARXILAS: Silicatos complexos, de natureza laminar.
laminar Cando se lles adiciona auga teñen unha excelente
moldeabilidade (hidroplasticidade
hidroplasticidade).
hidroplasticidade
Hidroplasticidade das arxilas:
• Introdución das moléculas de auga entre as láminas.
• Debilitamento dos enlaces de Van der Waals.
• Cando se aplican forzas externas, as láminas poden esvarar libremente.
Arxila: Proporciona traballabilidade e dureza.
Sílice: Proporciona resistencia á alta temperatura. Mestura triaxial
Feldespato: Funde a baixa temperatura actuando como aglutinante.
MATERIAIS REFRACTARIOS:
REFRACTARIOS: Resistentes a altas temperaturas e ao choque térmico.
térmico
Refractarios ácidos: Baseados en sílice, arxilas ou alumina.
Refractarios básicos: Compostos por magnesia ou por cal.
Refractarios neutros: Cromita.
, TECNOLOXÍA DOS MATERIAIS TEMA 9
9.2 – CERÁMICAS DE ENXEÑARÍA
Constituídas por compostos de elevada pureza,
pureza óxidos, carburos e nitruros.
TÉCNICAS DE PROCESADO:
Moldeo en barbotina: Suspensión das partículas de cerámico en auga.
Extrusión:
Compactación uniaxial:
Racheo Compresión Expulsión
TRATAMENTOS TÉRMICOS:
Secado e eliminación de aglutinante:
• Importantes cambios estruturais.
• Produto final compacto pero con elevada porosidade.
SINTERIZACIÓN: Proceso polo cal as partículas mantéñense unidas por difusión en estado sólido.
sólido
Cuello
Poro Límite
de gran
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