Summary

Samenvatting - Taaldidactiek

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Course
Taaldidactiek

Institution
Hogeschool West-Vlaanderen (HoWest)

In deze samenvatting staan de lessen van het vak 'taaldidactiek' samengevat. Gegeven door lector Katelijn Vanrobaeys, op Howest Brugge. Dit is een tweedejaarsvak. De volgende thema's komen aan bod: Geletterdheid, aanvankelijk lezen, begrijpend lezen en aanvankelijk schrijven (opgedeeld: leerproces...

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Uploaded on January 11, 2025
Number of pages 52
Written in 2024/2025
Type Summary

taaldidactiek
lateralisatie
begrijpend lezen
geletterdheid
aanvankelijk lezen
technisch lezen
lager onderwijs
leesproces
leesstrategieën
linkshandigheid
fijne motoriek
aanvankelijk sch
aanvankelijk sc

Institution
Hogeschool West-Vlaanderen (HoWest)
Education
Educatieve Bachelor Lager Onderwijs
Course
Taaldidactiek

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Samenvatting: Taaldidactiek
Lector: Katelijn
Vanrobaeys

1 Toelichting handschriftportfolium.................................................................................................6
2 Geletterdheid............................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Opdracht geletterdheid:............................................................................................................. 6
3 Aanvankelijk en technisch lezen....................................................................................................8
3.1 Inleiding...................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.1 Algemeen.......................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.2 Lezen en school.................................................................................................................9
3.2 Onderwijs in lezen...................................................................................................................... 9
3.2.1 Lezen in het leven............................................................................................................. 9
Logografische taal vs fonologische taal............................................................................... 9
3.2.2 Lezen in de basisschool................................................................................................... 10
3.2.2.1 Vormen van leesonderwijs.................................................................................... 10
Technisch lezen........................................................................................................... 10
Begrijpend lezen......................................................................................................... 10
Studerend lezen en belevend lezen............................................................................ 10
3.2.2.2 Fasen in het leesonderwijs.................................................................................... 10
Voorbereidend lezen...................................................................................................10
Aanvankelijk lezen.......................................................................................................10
Voortgezet lezen......................................................................................................... 10
3.3 Het leesproces.......................................................................................................................... 11
3.3.1 Lezen als informatieverwerking...................................................................................... 11
3.3.1.1 Informatieniveaus Dit staat op 6 punten op het examen ↓............................ 11
Visueel niveau............................................................................................................. 11
Morfologisch niveau................................................................................................... 11
Semantisch niveau...................................................................................................... 11
Syntactisch niveau.......................................................................................................11
3.3.1.2 Modellen over lezen.............................................................................................. 11
Bottom-upmodel.........................................................................................................11
Top-downmodel.......................................................................................................... 11
Interactiemodel...........................................................................................................12
Fonologisch coherentiemodel.....................................................................................12
3.3.2 Leesstrategieën............................................................................................................... 13
3.3.2.1 Leesstrategieën......................................................................................................13
Elementaire leeshandeling..........................................................................................13
Met behulp van clusters en spellingpatronen.............................................................13
Met behulp van de visuele woordvorm...................................................................... 14
Met behulp van morfologische analyse...................................................................... 14
Met behulp van de context......................................................................................... 15

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, 3.3.2.3 Flexibel gebruik van leesstrategieën......................................................................15
3.3.2.4 Deelvaardigheden van het lezen........................................................................... 16
1. Auditieve vaardigheden.......................................................................................... 16
2. Visuele vaardigheden..............................................................................................16
3. Taalvaardigheden.................................................................................................... 16
3.3 Leesmethoden..........................................................................................................................16
3.3.1 De analytisch-synthetische methode..............................................................................17
3.3.2 De globaalmethode.........................................................................................................17
3.3.3 De globaliserende methode............................................................................................17
3.3.4 De structuur methode.....................................................................................................17
3.3.5 De fonetische methode...................................................................................................18
3.3.6 Natuurlijk leren lezen methode...................................................................................... 18
3.4 Doelstellingen en leerstofordening.......................................................................................... 18
3.4.1 Doelen aanvankelijk lezen...............................................................................................18
3.4.2 Tussendoelen gevorderde geletterdheid........................................................................ 19
3.4.3 Leerstofordening bij aanvankelijk lezen.......................................................................... 20
3.4.3.1 Klankzuiverheid van woorden............................................................................... 20
3.4.3.2 De structuur van woorden.....................................................................................20
3.4.3.3 Het aantal letters van een grafeem....................................................................... 20
3.4.3.4 De auditieve en visuele verschillen........................................................................20
3.4.3.5 De bekendheid met een woord............................................................................. 21
3.4.4 Ordening bij voortgezet technisch lezen......................................................................... 21
4 Begrijpend lezen.........................................................................................................................21
4.1 Belang van begrijpend lezen.....................................................................................................22
4.2 Knelpunten BL.......................................................................................................................... 22
4.3 Kenmerken van effectieve leesdidactiek: 5 didactische sleutels (VLOR).................................. 23
4.4 Concrete tips............................................................................................................................ 23
1. Lees met een doel:........................................................................................................ 23
2. Werk aan kennisopbouw:.............................................................................................. 23
3. Bouw aan woordenschat:.............................................................................................. 23
4. Biedt verschillende types teksten aan:.......................................................................... 23
5. Betrek leerlingen in discussie:....................................................................................... 23
6. Maak van leerlingen strategische lezers:....................................................................... 23
7. Geef uitleg over tekststructuur:.................................................................................... 23
8. Integreer lezen en schrijven.......................................................................................... 24
9. Zorg voor een motiverende leesomgeving:................................................................... 24
10. Monitor de verschillende aspecten van leesbegrip:....................................................24
11. Differentieer:............................................................................................................... 24
4.5 Beschrijven, structureren, beoordelen (verwerkingsniveaus)..................................................24
Beschrijven...............................................................................................................................24
Structureren.............................................................................................................................24
Beoordelen.............................................................................................................................. 24

2

, 4.6 Wat valt op?............................................................................................................................. 25
4.7 Begrijpend lezen begrijpen.......................................................................................................25
Tekstonafhankelijke factoren................................................................................................... 26
Tekstafhankelijkefactoren........................................................................................................ 26
Individugebonden factoren......................................................................................................26
Niet-individugebonden factoren.............................................................................................. 26
Wat is meetbaar?.....................................................................................................................27
Verbaal begrip: microniveau............................................................................................. 27
1. Complexere woorden..............................................................................................27
2. Zinsniveau............................................................................................................... 27
3. Beeldspraak en figuurlijke taal................................................................................ 28
Interpretatie: meso- en macroniveau................................................................................28
Mesoniveau:............................................................................................................... 28
1. Elaboratieve inferenties:...................................................................................29
2. Overbruggingsinerenties:................................................................................. 29
Macroniveau:.............................................................................................................. 29
1. Analyse en synthese......................................................................................... 29
Extrapolatie....................................................................................................................... 29
5 Aanvankelijk schrijven - Deel 1: Leren schrijven, een leerproces met veel voorwaarden..............31
5.1 Wat is schrijven?.......................................................................................................................31
5.2 Waarom nog handschrift leren?...............................................................................................31
5.3 Schrijven en communicatie...................................................................................................... 31
5.3.1 Taalbewustzijn.................................................................................................................31
Evolutie in 4 fasen............................................................................................................. 32
1. Eerste stadium.........................................................................................................32
2. Tweede stadium......................................................................................................32
3. Derde stadium.........................................................................................................32
4. Vierde stadium........................................................................................................ 33
5.3.2 Functionaliteit................................................................................................................. 34
5.4 Zoektocht naar schrijven.......................................................................................................... 34
5.4.1 De deelvaardigheden van het schrijven.......................................................................... 34
3 deelvaardigheden:..........................................................................................................34
Hoe oefenen?.................................................................................................................... 34
Bewegingsopslag.........................................................................................................34
Ophalen juiste schrijfbeweging...................................................................................34
Neerschrijven woord...................................................................................................34
5.4.2 Schrijfmotoriek................................................................................................................34
3 deelbewegingen:............................................................................................................ 34
5.4.3 Schrijfvoorwaarden.........................................................................................................35
5.4.3.1 Algemene schrijfvoorwaaren.................................................................................35
1. Taalbeheersing:....................................................................................................... 35
2. Zintuigen:................................................................................................................ 35

3

, 3. Emotioneel evenwicht:........................................................................................... 35
4. Geestelijk evenwicht:.............................................................................................. 35
5. Motivatie om te leren............................................................................................. 35
6. Concentratie............................................................................................................35
5.4.3.2 Specifieke schrijfvoorwaarden.............................................................................. 35
1. Grove motoriek....................................................................................................... 35
2. Fijne motoriek......................................................................................................... 35
3. Lichaamsbesef.........................................................................................................35
4. Ruimtelijke oriëntatie..............................................................................................36
5. Vormonderscheidingsvermogen en kritische waarneming.....................................36
6. Oog-handcoördinatie.............................................................................................. 36
7. Lateralisatie.............................................................................................................36
8. Gevoel voor ritme................................................................................................... 36
9. Automatiseren van bewegingen............................................................................. 36
5.5 Kleuren, tekenen, krullen, letters en woorden......................................................................... 37
5.5.1 Vormen leren tekenen kent een volgorde.......................................................................37
3 fasen:.............................................................................................................................. 37
1. Voorbereidend schrijven (3K - 1LJ)..........................................................................37
2. Aanvankelijk schrijven (1LJ - 2LJ).............................................................................37
3. Voortgezet schrijven................................................................................................37
5.5.2 Schrijfbewegingspatronen.............................................................................................. 37
5.5.3 Fasen............................................................................................................................... 37
5.5.4 Patronen oefenen........................................................................................................... 37
5.5.5 Belangrijke factoren (14).................................................................................................39
5.6 Potloodgreep, schrijfhouding, schrijfbeweging, schrijfmethode, schrijfmateriaal...................40
5.6.1 Evaluatie..........................................................................................................................40
3 evaluatiepunten..............................................................................................................40
Wat is dan goed schrijven?................................................................................................40
5.6.2 Potloodgreep.................................................................................................................. 40
5.6.2.1 Een goede potloodgreep....................................................................................... 40
5.6.2.2 Fouten (3).............................................................................................................. 40
5.6.3 Schrijfhouding................................................................................................................. 41
5.6.4 Schrijfmethode................................................................................................................41
5.6.4.1 Criterie (13)........................................................................................................... 42
5.6.4.2 Keuze methode: Wat in achterhoofd houden? (7)................................................ 43
5.6.5 Schrijfmateriaal............................................................................................................... 44
5.7 Moeilijkheden bij het schrijven................................................................................................ 44
5.7.1 Schrijfmoeilijkheden, schrijfproblemen.......................................................................... 44
5.7.2 Linkshandigheid.............................................................................................................. 45
5.7.2.1 Lateraliteit............................................................................................................. 45
5.7.2.3 Handvoorkeur........................................................................................................45
5.7.2.4 Wat zien we?......................................................................................................... 45

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