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samenvatting- Psychopathologie
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samenvatting psychopatholgie- sociaal werk- HoGent Alle hoofstukken behalve het zenuwstelsel en neurocognitieve stoornissen
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Inhoud1. introductie psychopathologie.......................................................................................... 4
1.1 Psychiatrie en maatschappij......................................................................................4
Psychopathologie- psychiatrie......................................................................................5
1.1.1 Psychiatrische stoornis........................................................................................5
1.1.2 Ziekte: lichamelijk (biologisch), psychologisch, sociologisch...............................5
1.1.3 Wetenschap en praktijk.......................................................................................6
1.2 Diagnose.................................................................................................................... 7
Inleiding........................................................................................................................ 7
1.2.1 Classificatie van stoornissen................................................................................7
1.2.2 Systematische diagnostiek................................................................................10
1.2.3 Kritische bedenkingen bij classificatie...............................................................10
1.3 Verklaring (etiologie)............................................................................................... 12
1.3.1 Biologische verklaringen....................................................................................13
1.3.2 Psychologische verklaringen..............................................................................13
1.3.3 SOciale verklaringen.......................................................................................... 14
1.4 Behandeling............................................................................................................. 14
1.4.1 biologische behandeling: psychofarmaca..........................................................14
biologische behandeling: andere................................................................................15
1.4.2 Psychotherapie.................................................................................................. 15
1.4.3 sociale psychiatrie............................................................................................. 19
1.5 Verloop en preventie............................................................................................... 19
1.5.1 Epidemiologie: incidentie en prevalentie...........................................................19
1.5.2 Preventie........................................................................................................... 20
1.6 verdere uitdieping................................................................................................... 20
2 kritieken op DSM-5 vanuit psychologisch en psychotherapeutisch perspectief.......20
het singuliere/ particuliere en subjectiverende vs hetgeneraliserende en
objectiverende............................................................................................................ 21
probleem van Reïficatie.............................................................................................. 21
2.het zenuwstelsel (geen leerstof)....................................................................................21
3. schizofrenie(spectrum) en andere psychtische stoornissen.........................................21
3.1 Wanen en hallicunaties............................................................................................ 21
hallicunaties............................................................................................................... 22
waan of waandenkbeeld............................................................................................. 22
wanen en halicunaties................................................................................................ 23
3.2 Schizofrenie (spectrum)........................................................................................... 23
3.2.1 Kenmerken en voorkomen.................................................................................24
1
, differentiaal diagnose (ΔΔ)......................................................................................... 26
3.2.2 Verklaringen...................................................................................................... 27
biologisch................................................................................................................... 27
3.2.3 psycho-sociaal................................................................................................... 28
3.2.4 Behandelopties.................................................................................................. 28
Psycho-sociaal............................................................................................................ 30
3.2.5 Prognose............................................................................................................ 31
verdere uitdieping......................................................................................................... 32
schizofreniespectrum- psychosespectrum..................................................................32
filmpjes....................................................................................................................... 33
niet- schizofrene psychotische stoornissen.......................................................................34
inleiding......................................................................................................................... 34
1. Waanstoornis............................................................................................................. 34
varianten.................................................................................................................... 35
verklaring................................................................................................................... 35
behandeling................................................................................................................ 36
2. kortdurende psychotische stoornis............................................................................36
3. Schizofreniforme stoornis.......................................................................................... 36
4. gedeelde psychotische stoornis (inductiepsychose, folie à deux)..............................37
5. dubbeldiagnose: psychose+ toxicomanie..................................................................37
4. Angsstoornissen............................................................................................................ 37
4.0 Inleiding................................................................................................................... 37
4.1 Angst en angststoornissen.......................................................................................38
4.2 Fobieën en sociale angsten.....................................................................................41
4.2.1 Kenmerken........................................................................................................ 41
4.3 Paniekstoornis en agorafobie...................................................................................43
paniekstoornis............................................................................................................ 43
agorafobie.................................................................................................................. 45
4.4 Gegeneraliseerde- angststoornis (GAS)...................................................................46
Samenvatting: overzicht van de verschllende angststoornissen....................................47
kritische noot................................................................................................................. 48
kritische noot bij behandelingsopties: psychotherapie...............................................48
4B: dwangstoornissen....................................................................................................... 48
inleiding: dwang............................................................................................................ 48
dwangstoornis of obsessieve-compulsieve stoornis (ocs)..............................................50
andere dwangstoornissen.............................................................................................. 53
excoriatiestoornis (huidpulkstoornis) en trichotillomanie (haaruittrekstoornis)..........53
morfodysfore stoornis................................................................................................. 54
2
, verzamelstoornis........................................................................................................ 55
4C: trauma- en stressgerelateerde stoornissen................................................................56
stress en aanpassing..................................................................................................... 56
aanpassingsstoornis...................................................................................................... 58
overspanning en burn- out......................................................................................... 61
posttraumatische- stressstoornis (ptss).........................................................................62
Posttraumatische stress-stoornis of PTSS...................................................................62
5. Depressieve- en bipolaire- stemmingsstoornissen........................................................64
5.1 stemming en emotie................................................................................................ 64
5.2 depressieve- stemmingsstoornis.............................................................................66
5.3 Bipolaire- stemmingsstoornissen.............................................................................74
nieuwe depressieve- stemmingsstoornissen..................................................................79
disruptieve stemmingsdisregulatiestoornis................................................................79
premenstruele stemmingsstoornis.............................................................................79
6. stoornissen door gebruik van alcohol en drugs.............................................................80
6.1 Drugs en afhankelijkheid......................................................................................... 80
6.2 Stoornissen door gebruik van alcohol......................................................................83
6.3 Stoornissen door het gebruik van drugs..................................................................91
Hallucinogenen of psychedelische stoffen..................................................................91
Cannabis (marihuana en hasj)....................................................................................91
GHB (dempend).......................................................................................................... 93
cocaïne (coke)............................................................................................................ 93
amfetaminen (stimulerend)........................................................................................94
heroïne (dempend)..................................................................................................... 94
6.4 Legale stimulerende middelen: cafeïne en nicotine.................................................96
cafeïne........................................................................................................................ 96
nicotine....................................................................................................................... 96
6.5 Ter afronding........................................................................................................... 96
7. Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen.......................................................................................... 98
7.1 Normale en gestoorde persoonlijkheid....................................................................98
identiteit, persoonlijkheid en persoonlijkheidstrekken................................................98
persoonlijkheidsverandering tgv somatische aandoening........................................100
7.2 Persoonlijkheidsstoornissen...................................................................................100
DSM-5 criteria (ter info)............................................................................................ 100
algemene kenmerken............................................................................................... 101
dimensionale aard van persoonlijkheidsstoornissen.................................................101
indeling PHS............................................................................................................. 102
Cluster A: vreemd en excentriek gedrag..................................................................103
3
, CLuster B: dramatische, emotioniele of onvoorspelbare gedragingen......................104
CLuster C: angst en onzekerheid..............................................................................106
PHS en verschil met andere stoornissen...................................................................108
7.3 verklaringen: wisselwerking BPS- factoren............................................................109
7.4 behandelopties...................................................................................................... 111
SAMENVATTING PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE
1. INTRODUCTIE PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE
1.1 PSYCHIATRIE EN MAATSCHAPPIJ
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