Unit 1 - Principles and Applications of Science I (BIOSC1)
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All known Organelles in Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells + specialised cells
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Unit 1 - Principles and Applications of Science I (BIOSC1)
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PEARSON (PEARSON)
This document contains all information on the organelles on eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells in terms of cell structure and function. This document also contains all information of cell specialisation in terms of adaptation and as well as the function from the adapations. this document is specifica...
Unit 1 - Principles and Applications of Science I (BIOSC1)
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Level 3 Applied Science
Unit 1 Biology: B1 Cell Structure and
Function
All known Organelles in Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells Organelles - Animal cell
Organelle Structure Function
Cell Surface Membrane -made up of phospholipid -Selectively permeable
bilayer -Allows transport and secretion of various protein
-consists of lipids and molecules such as hormones and antibodies
proteins - Acts as a protective layer of the cell and its
-contains other molecules internal structures
inside or attached such
as the protein channel
Nucleus -contains nuclear pores -holds the cell’s genome and controls cellular
-holds nearly all the cell’s activity
DNA (can be seen on the -has chromatins which becomes chromosomes
chromatin and nucleolus when mitosis occurs
-enveloped by a double -ribosomes synthesis found in the nucleolus
membrane called the -holds genetic code that can be used to
nuclear envelope manufacture proteins
-has its own fluid-like
solution inside called the
nucleoplasm
Mitochondria -oval shaped -contains the ATP synthase which produces ATP
-surrounded by a double for aerobic respiration, this is to release energy for
membrane chemical reactions inside the cell
-interior called the matrix -site of protein synthesis
and the folds called
cisternae
-contains mitochondrial
DNA and mitochondrial
ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic -consists of flattened sacs -synthesis (ribosomes are attached on the surface
Reticulum called cisternae of RER for this function), folding, quality control, and
-appears to be rough due packaging and export of proteins
to the attached ribosomes -form vesicles for the protein to travel through the
-stacked fluid filled cytoplasm to the golgi apparatus
membranes
Ribosomes -made up of two subunits -synthesises proteins from mRNA
-Made up of ribosomal
RNA (rRNA)
-animal cells contain 80S
ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic -consists of flattened sacs -synthesises and transports lipids and
Reticulum called the cisternae carbohydrates
, -no ribosomes attached -also synthesises cholesterol, steroids,
-made up of a phospholipids
phospholipid membrane -stores calcium ions for the product of key enzymes
-perceived as tubular -metabolises substances such as glycogen into
membrane vesicles glucose and also metabolises drugs and toxins
-produces steroid hormones
Golgi apparatus -stack of flattened sacs -modifies proteins and packages then into secretory
called cisternae vesicles to be transported to lysosomes, plasma
surrounded by a membrane or secretion
membrane -allows imported vesicles from the RER to be
-vesicles are pinched off absorbed in the golgi body
from the end of the sacs -processes lipids in addition to proteins
(trans face)
-has a lumen where all
particles reside in and are
carried along
Lysosomes -spherical vesicle sac -Digestion of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and
-single membrane unwanted cellular structures and particles
-contains hydrolytic
enzymes from within
Microtubules -hollow cylindrical shapes -helps determine the shape of a cell
-unique helical structure -involved in cell movements
made up of tubulin -can help separate chromosomes during cell
proteins division
-organelle movement
Peroxisome -spherical or oval shape -uses oxygen to generate hydrogen peroxide for
-surrounded by a single oxidative purposes
membrane (phospholipid -contains the enzyme catalase to break down
bilayer) excess hydrogen peroxide
-internally contains a -plays in a key role of lipid metabolism
granular matrix and a
crystalline core
-lack any DNA and
ribosomes
Cytoplasm -gel like fluid -provides the cell with its shape and structure
-holds many structures -protects the cells components and genetic material
and organelles -medium for chemical reactions to occur and the
-organised by a protein movement of molecules like vesicles between
framework called the organelles to occur
cytoskeleton -holds metabolic processes
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