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Samenvatting les 17 - Valence bond en VSEPR theorie $5.82
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Samenvatting les 17 - Valence bond en VSEPR theorie

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Deze samenvatting omvat: Chemische bindingen en infrarood spectoscopie Valence Bond theorie Sp hybridisatie Andere s-p-d hybridisaties Valentieschaal-elektronenpaarrepulsie theorie (VSEPR) ABnEm structuren

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  • January 13, 2025
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  • 2023/2024
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Valence Bond en VSEPR theorie

1. Chemische bindingen en infrarood spectroscopie
●​ Binding tss massa’s w voorgesteld als een veer (volgens wet van Hooke)
●​ Infraroodspectroscopie → moleculen absorberen frequenties kenmerkend vr hun
structuur
○​ frequentie vd geabsorbeerde straling komt overeen met de trillingsfrequentie
●​ Energieën w beïnvloed door:
○​ vorm vd moleculaire potentiële E-opp
○​ massa vd atomen + bijbehorende vibronische koppeling
●​ Rest lezen en bekijken op pg 271-272

2. De Valence Bond theorie (valentiebindingstheorie)
●​ = kwantummechanische benadering vd covalente binding die o.a. de mogelijkheid
biedt de ruimtelijke structuur vd moleculen te voorspellen
●​ Basis = covalente binding w gevormd wnr orbitalen v 2 atomen overlappen en een
e–-paar het gemeenschappelijk gebied tss beide atoomkernen inneemt.
●​ HAO = hybride atoomorbitalen
○​ wiskunde combi v welbep. niet-equivalente AO met zelfde atoom (vb s, p, d)
→ nieuwe AO met karakteristieken die de vorming v meer stabiele bindingen
met welbep. ruimtelijke oriëntatie mogelijk maakt
○​ #HAO na hybridizatieproces = # oorspr. AO + hebben dezelfde E
○​ type HAO hangt af vh type oorspr. AO

3. sp hybridisatie
●​ Combi ve s en één p-orbitaal: er ontstaan 2 HAO-orbitalen:
○​ HAO heeft 2 lobes die sterk in volume verschillen. Efficiënte overlap met
orbitaal ve ander atoom gebeurt via grootste lobe
○​ De 2 HAO hebben grootste lobe in elkaars verlengde onder hoek v 180°.
Overlap met 2 andere atoomorbitalen → 2 bindingen onder hoek v 180°
○​ Drijvende kracht vr/d hybridizatie = meer efficiënte overlap via grotere lobes
●​

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