Biology Exam Study Guide 2025
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Active Transport - ansthe movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
Aerobic - ansChemical reactions that require the presence of oxygen. More ATP
Amino Acids - ansSimple forms of protein normally used to b...
Active Transport - ansthe movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
Aerobic - ansChemical reactions that require the presence of oxygen. More ATP
Amino Acids - ansSimple forms of protein normally used to build tissues or, under some conditions, burned for
energy
Anaerobic - ansprocess that does not require oxygen. Makes less ATP
Atomic Mass - anstotal mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom, measured in atomic mass units
Atomic Number - ansthe number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
ATP - ansadenosine triphosphate, an organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes;
composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups
Autotrophs - ansorganisms that use energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to
make organic compounds
Biosphere - ansAll parts of the planet with living things
Calvin Cycle - ansreactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy
compounds such as sugars
Cancer - ansany malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division
, Carbohydrates - ansmain source of energy for the body
Catalyst - anssubstance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
Cell - ansBasic unit of life
Cell Cycle - ansseries of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
Cell Specialization - ansthe process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks
Cell Theory - ansThe theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living
organisms
Cell Wall - ansa thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell
Cellular Respiration - ansthe metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic
molecules
Centromere - ansa specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears during mitosis where the
chromatids are held together to form an X shape
Chemical Reactions - ansbreaking of old and formation of new chemical bonds that result in new substances
Chlorophyll - ansany of a group of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms
Chloroplast - ansplastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments
Chromosomes - ansthreadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.
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