Biology Review
Alleles - ansdifferent forms of a gene
Biodiversity - ansResults in stability in an ecosystem. Biodiversity is a measure of the number and types of
organisms that live in an ecosystem
Cell Wall - ansstrong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria
Chargaff's Rule - ansequal amounts of adenine bonds with thymine and equal amount of guanine bonds with
cytosine
Chromosomes - ansthreadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection - ans1. More offspring are born into a population that can survive.
2. These offspring all contain variations
3. These offspring must compete for natural resources
4. The organisms with the best variations will survive and reproduce. (Survival of the fittest)
5. Over time, descent (the ancestors will be different from offspring) with modification will occur.
Diploid - anscell with two of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a diploid, or 2n, number of
chromosomes;
2n-where n is the number of chromosomes
DNA - ansdeoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited
characteristics;
Base pair matching is:
Adenine bonds ONLY with Thymine,
Thymine bonds ONLY with Adenine,
, Cytosine bond ONLY with Guanine
Guanine bond ONLY with Cytosine
DNA Replication - ansThe DNA double helix strand separates and becomes a template for a new and identical
strand. As the strand separates each A pairs with a T and T pairs with an A while each C pairs with a G and each
G pairs with a C. If the original was ACTCAG then the new strand would be TGAGTC.
DNA vs RNA - ansDNA, sugar is deoxyribose, two strands, base - thymine
RNA, sugar is ribose, one strand, base - uracil, only molecule to enter or leave the nucleus
Dominance - ansan organism with a dominant allele for a particular form of a trait will always exhibit that form
of the trait. (ex. Bb ---The big B would be dominant;
Allele which masks the presence of a recessive
Ex: AA or Aa
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ansa system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the
production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids;
folded transport system for the cell
Evolution - ansIs change in organisms over time
Gametes - ansreproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes as body cells;
in humans, the egg or sperm
Genes - anssequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
Genotype vs Phenotype - ansGenotype is the genetic makeup; what can be passed on to your children
Alleles - ansdifferent forms of a gene
Biodiversity - ansResults in stability in an ecosystem. Biodiversity is a measure of the number and types of
organisms that live in an ecosystem
Cell Wall - ansstrong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria
Chargaff's Rule - ansequal amounts of adenine bonds with thymine and equal amount of guanine bonds with
cytosine
Chromosomes - ansthreadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection - ans1. More offspring are born into a population that can survive.
2. These offspring all contain variations
3. These offspring must compete for natural resources
4. The organisms with the best variations will survive and reproduce. (Survival of the fittest)
5. Over time, descent (the ancestors will be different from offspring) with modification will occur.
Diploid - anscell with two of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a diploid, or 2n, number of
chromosomes;
2n-where n is the number of chromosomes
DNA - ansdeoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited
characteristics;
Base pair matching is:
Adenine bonds ONLY with Thymine,
Thymine bonds ONLY with Adenine,
, Cytosine bond ONLY with Guanine
Guanine bond ONLY with Cytosine
DNA Replication - ansThe DNA double helix strand separates and becomes a template for a new and identical
strand. As the strand separates each A pairs with a T and T pairs with an A while each C pairs with a G and each
G pairs with a C. If the original was ACTCAG then the new strand would be TGAGTC.
DNA vs RNA - ansDNA, sugar is deoxyribose, two strands, base - thymine
RNA, sugar is ribose, one strand, base - uracil, only molecule to enter or leave the nucleus
Dominance - ansan organism with a dominant allele for a particular form of a trait will always exhibit that form
of the trait. (ex. Bb ---The big B would be dominant;
Allele which masks the presence of a recessive
Ex: AA or Aa
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ansa system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the
production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids;
folded transport system for the cell
Evolution - ansIs change in organisms over time
Gametes - ansreproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes as body cells;
in humans, the egg or sperm
Genes - anssequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
Genotype vs Phenotype - ansGenotype is the genetic makeup; what can be passed on to your children
