Biology Unit 3 2025
aerobic - ansusing oxygen; when applied to organisms, cells, or tissues, it means they use oxygen as part of the
process of obtaining energy from glucose
anaerobic - ansnot using oxygen; when applied to organisms, cells, or tissues, it means they do not use oxygen
as part of the process of obtaining energy from glucose
aqueous - answatery
Archaea - ansone of the three domains of life, made up of prokaryotic organisms, most of which live under
extreme conditions of temperature or in harsh chemical environments and differ in basic ways from the other
main group of prokaryotic organisms, Bacteria
asexual reproduction - ansthe process by which an organism produces a new, genetically identical organism
without the use of gametes
ATP - ansthe molecule that delivers usable chemical energy for almost all processes and reactions that a cell
must undergo to survive
Calvin cycle - ansthe stage of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is assembled into
sugars; also called light-independent reactions
carrier protein - ansa membrane transport protein that allows molecules to cross passively to the other side of
the membrane
cell - ansthe basic unit of life, of which all living things are made
cell differentiation - ansthe process of cell modification from a generalized cell to one that performs a specific
task
, cell membrane - ansthe membrane surrounding the cell; composed of a bilayer of phospholipids
cell theory - ansthe theory that states that the cell is the basic unit of life and that cells come only from existing
cells
cell wall - ansa rigid structure surrounding a cell, outside the cell membrane, that gives the cell support and
shape
cellular respiration - ansthe process of breaking down glucose for the production of ATP in the presence of
oxygen
central vacuole - ansa membrane-bound compartment in a plant cell that helps regulate the water content of
the cell, store waste material, and support the cell through internal pressure
centromere - ansthe point in a chromosome at which two chromatids are joined
chlorophyll - ansa molecule in plants that plays a key role in photosynthesis
chloroplasts - ansthe organelles responsible for capturing light energy in photosynthetic organisms; contain
chlorophyll
chromatid - ansone of the two identical strands of a chromosome
chromosome - ansa single long molecule of DNA wound around proteins called histones
concentration gradient - ansthe region over which there is a change in concentration of a substance
cristae - ansthe folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
aerobic - ansusing oxygen; when applied to organisms, cells, or tissues, it means they use oxygen as part of the
process of obtaining energy from glucose
anaerobic - ansnot using oxygen; when applied to organisms, cells, or tissues, it means they do not use oxygen
as part of the process of obtaining energy from glucose
aqueous - answatery
Archaea - ansone of the three domains of life, made up of prokaryotic organisms, most of which live under
extreme conditions of temperature or in harsh chemical environments and differ in basic ways from the other
main group of prokaryotic organisms, Bacteria
asexual reproduction - ansthe process by which an organism produces a new, genetically identical organism
without the use of gametes
ATP - ansthe molecule that delivers usable chemical energy for almost all processes and reactions that a cell
must undergo to survive
Calvin cycle - ansthe stage of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is assembled into
sugars; also called light-independent reactions
carrier protein - ansa membrane transport protein that allows molecules to cross passively to the other side of
the membrane
cell - ansthe basic unit of life, of which all living things are made
cell differentiation - ansthe process of cell modification from a generalized cell to one that performs a specific
task
, cell membrane - ansthe membrane surrounding the cell; composed of a bilayer of phospholipids
cell theory - ansthe theory that states that the cell is the basic unit of life and that cells come only from existing
cells
cell wall - ansa rigid structure surrounding a cell, outside the cell membrane, that gives the cell support and
shape
cellular respiration - ansthe process of breaking down glucose for the production of ATP in the presence of
oxygen
central vacuole - ansa membrane-bound compartment in a plant cell that helps regulate the water content of
the cell, store waste material, and support the cell through internal pressure
centromere - ansthe point in a chromosome at which two chromatids are joined
chlorophyll - ansa molecule in plants that plays a key role in photosynthesis
chloroplasts - ansthe organelles responsible for capturing light energy in photosynthetic organisms; contain
chlorophyll
chromatid - ansone of the two identical strands of a chromosome
chromosome - ansa single long molecule of DNA wound around proteins called histones
concentration gradient - ansthe region over which there is a change in concentration of a substance
cristae - ansthe folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
