Exam (elaborations)
Intro to Criminal Justice - TCU - Exam 2 – Burns questions & answers passed
- Course
- Criminal Justice
- Institution
- Texas Christian University
Intro to Criminal Justice - TCU - Exam 2 – Burns questions & answers passed
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Intro to Criminal Justice - TCU - Exam 2– Burns questions & answers passed
English Roots of American Police - correct answer ✔✔1. Limited Authority
2. Local Control
3. Fragmented Organization
Limited Authority - correct answer ✔✔powers and duties are specifically defined by law
Local Control - correct answer ✔✔no national police force; just regional authorities headed by elected
commissioners who appoint the chief constable.
Fragmented Organization - correct answer ✔✔There are many types of agencies: constable, FBI, city
police etc.
Frankpledge - correct answer ✔✔A system in old English law in which members of a tithing, a group of
ten families, pledged to be responsible for keeping order and bringing violators of the law to court.
Hue and Cry - correct answer ✔✔bystanders summoned to apprehend criminal; fined if they did not join
tithing and track down criminal.
Statute of Winchester - correct answer ✔✔1285 - parish constable-watch system; constable supervised
tithing trying to track down criminals
1. Create watch and ward in cities & towns
2. Draft eligible males to serve
3. Institutionalize the hue and cry
4. Citizens must maintain weapons
,Constable - correct answer ✔✔Man chosen from parish to serve without pay as its law enforcement
officer for one year. Lit street lamps and put out fires;
Organized Police Force - correct answer ✔✔Began eighteenth century in England; large cities produced
social disorder.
Henry Fielding - correct answer ✔✔Magistrate in London; led efforts to improve law enforcement in
London; Organized Bow Street Runners that paid the participants and attempted to form similar groups
in other parts of London. Bow street runners cleaned up crime
Sir Robert Peel - correct answer ✔✔Prime minister who established the first centralized police force in
London. He pushed parliament to pass the Metropolitan Police Act, which created the London police
force. The officers were called "bobbies" after Robert;
Robert Peel's Four Part Mandate - correct answer ✔✔1. prevent crime without repressive force and to
avoid military to control riots
2. maintain public order by nonviolent means, using force to obtain compliance only as a last resort.
3. reduce conflict between the police and public.
4. show efficiency through the absence of crime and disorder rather than through visible police actions
Meaning of Peel's Four Mandates - correct answer ✔✔Keeping a low profile while maintaining order for
fear the national force would threaten civil liberties - focus at local levels.
America's Watch System - correct answer ✔✔Primary means of keeping order, warning of danger, and
responding to reports of crime. Each citizen was required to be a member of watch, but paid watchmen
could be hired to replace them; Over time, cities began to hire paid, uniformed, watchmen.
Early US Police Had to Deal With... - correct answer ✔✔Ethnic diversity, local political control, regional
differences, the exploration of settling the West, and generally more violent society.
Periods of American Police - correct answer ✔✔Political Era 1840-1920,
Professional Model 1920-1970,
Community Policing 1970-Present
, Political Era Police 1840-1930 - correct answer ✔✔Close ties between police and local political leaders at
that time. Foot patrols and other broad social service functions. Relationship with community was
intimate; Organization was decentralized with poor communication; The outcome was citizen and
political satisfaction
Shire Reeves (sheriff) - correct answer ✔✔Duties similar to sheriff, elected and had broad powers to
enforce law.
Comes stabuli - correct answer ✔✔Assists shire reeve (constable)
Posse Comitatus - correct answer ✔✔"power of the county" men over age of 15 were required to
respond to sheriff forming "posse"
Reform Era/Professional Model Era (1930-1980) - correct answer ✔✔1. The force should stay out of
politics.
2. Members should be well-trained, well-disciplined, and tightly organized.
3. Laws should be enforced equally.
4. The force should use new technology.
5. Personnel procedures should be based on merit.
6. The main task of the police should be fighting crime.
Focus on outcome of crime control, community relationship was professional and remote; "Just the facts
ma'am" commitment to the law and to equal treatment; Tactics and technology were preventative patrol
and rapid response to calls; Centralized classical design;
Progressive Movement - correct answer ✔✔Upper middle class, educated Americans with two goals:
more efficient government and more government services to assist the less fortunate.
Organizations formed because of Professional Model Era - correct answer ✔✔I.A.C.P. - International
Association of Chiefs of Police
F.O.P. - Fraternal Order of Police
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