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Samenvatting Communicatiewetenschappen II
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*GESLAAGD IN EERSTE ZIT!* Samenvatting van lessen van Prof Willem Joris. Geslaagd met onderscheiding!
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SAMENVATTINGCOMMUNICATIEWETENSCHAPPEN II
ACADEMIEJAAR 2023-2024
PROF: WILLEM JORIS
Assistenten: Axelle Asmar en Michael Pakvis
1
,INHOUDSOPGAVE
Hele lessenreeks samengevat in 1 tabel: ......................................................................................................... 6
Les 1 - Een verhaal in meervoud: inleidende beschouwingen .......................................................................... 6
Voorafgaande opmerkingen ............................................................................................................................... 6
VERLICHTING, HUMANISME & Postmodernisme ................................................................................................ 7
De overgang van Moderniteit naar Postmoderniteit .......................................................................................... 7
Modernisme .................................................................................................................................................... 7
Postmodernisme ........................................................................................................................................... 11
Modern versus postmodern.......................................................................................................................... 15
Kritische beschouwingen en permanente in vraagstelling (auteurs niet kennen) ........................................ 15
Alles in context zien....................................................................................................................................... 16
HET COMMUNICATIEPROCES ONTLEED ........................................................................................................ 16
Les 2 (deel 1) - Evolutie in Onderzoeksvragen................................................................................................ 17
Doelstellingen .................................................................................................................................................... 17
Communicatiewetenschappen .......................................................................................................................... 17
KRITIEKEN OP DISCIPLINE .................................................................................................................................. 18
ONTWIKKELINGEN IN ANDERE DISCIPLINES .................................................................................................. 18
TECHNOLOGISCHE ONTWIKKELINGEN .......................................................................................................... 18
ETHISCHE KWESTIES ...................................................................................................................................... 19
EVOLUTIE VAN EEN DISCIPLINE ......................................................................................................................... 19
1. INVLOED MENS- EN MAATSCHAPPIJBEELD – STRUCTUREEL & CONJUNCTUREEL .................................... 20
Financiële bepalingen.................................................................................................................................... 22
Evolutie van en machtsstrijd met andere wetenschappen ........................................................................... 22
Les 2 (deel 2) – de institionalisering van de communicatiewetenschappen.................................................... 25
Communicatiewetenschappen in vlaanderen ................................................................................................... 25
Institutionalisering van de wetenschappen ....................................................................................................... 25
Wat is institutionalisering?............................................................................................................................ 25
verschillende aanleidingen ............................................................................................................................ 26
Les 3 – Heuristiek van de complexiteit .......................................................................................................... 27
DOELSTELLINGEN .............................................................................................................................................. 27
Tabel gebaseerd op de ideeën van E. Morin (1990) .......................................................................................... 27
Heuristiek van de complexiteit: 4 elementen essentieel................................................................................... 28
1. Interdisciplinair en complex causaliteitsbeginsel ...................................................................................... 28
2. Einde van dichotomisch denken................................................................................................................ 30
3. Concept de départ i.p.v. concept terminus ............................................................................................... 31
4. Geen zelfgenoegzaamheid maar zelfkritiek en reflectie ........................................................................... 36
Les 4 (deel 1) – het kritische paradigma ........................................................................................................ 37
DOELSTELLINGEN .............................................................................................................................................. 37
2
, Mainstreamparadigma vs. kritische paradigma ............................................................................................... 37
Mainstreamparadigma .................................................................................................................................. 37
Kritische paradigma....................................................................................................................................... 37
Kritisch paradigma: ontstaan ............................................................................................................................ 38
Marxistische benaderingen: elementaire bouwstenen ..................................................................................... 38
De relatie tussen onderbouw en bovenbouw .................................................................................................... 39
Ideologie, vals bewustzijn, macht...................................................................................................................... 39
Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937) ........................................................................................................................... 39
Louis Althusser (1918-1990) .............................................................................................................................. 40
Ideologie: Marx, Gramsci en Althusser .............................................................................................................. 40
Marxistische benaderingen, toegepast op media ............................................................................................. 41
Frankfurter Schule ............................................................................................................................................. 41
Frankfurter Schule: cultuurindustrie ............................................................................................................. 41
Frankfurter Schule: ‘hoge’ cultuur vs. ‘lage’ cultuur? ................................................................................... 42
Kritieken op Frankfurter Schule .................................................................................................................... 42
Les 4 (deel 2) – Politieke economie van de media.......................................................................................... 43
Politieke Economie – Cultuurstudies: scholenstrijd of complementair .............................................................. 43
doelstellingen .................................................................................................................................................... 43
Politieke economie van de media (PEM) ........................................................................................................... 43
Belangrijke elementen binnen de Politieke economie van de media (PEM) ................................................ 44
Vaak bestudeerde concepten binnen PEM ................................................................................................... 48
Politieke Economie: kritiek ............................................................................................................................ 49
Les 5 – Cultural Studies ................................................................................................................................. 50
doelstellingen .................................................................................................................................................... 50
Wat is ‘Cultural studies’? ................................................................................................................................... 50
Cultural Studies in relatie tot marxistische benaderingen ................................................................................. 50
Cultural studies: onderzoeksprogramma .......................................................................................................... 51
Cultural studies: twee paradigma’s ................................................................................................................... 52
Culturalisme .................................................................................................................................................. 52
Structuralisme ............................................................................................................................................... 53
Cultural studies: twee paradigma’s verenigd in BCCCS ..................................................................................... 55
Voorbeelden van modellen die rekening houden met contextelementen ................................................... 56
Cultural studies : evolutie .................................................................................................................................. 58
Cultural studies: kritieken .................................................................................................................................. 58
Cultural studies ≈ politieke economie als kritische benaderingen ..................................................................... 59
Cultural studies vs politieke economie .............................................................................................................. 60
Les 6 – taal, betekenis en representatie ........................................................................................................ 61
3
, Doelstellingen .................................................................................................................................................... 61
Inleidende begrippen ......................................................................................................................................... 61
Representatie ................................................................................................................................................ 61
Hoe werkt betekenis? ................................................................................................................................... 61
Betekenis en representatie ........................................................................................................................... 62
Hoe werkt representatie? ............................................................................................................................. 62
Hoe komt betekenis tot stand?: 3 benaderingen.......................................................................................... 63
Betekenis en representatie ........................................................................................................................... 64
Structuralisme en semiotiek .............................................................................................................................. 64
Poststructuralisme ............................................................................................................................................ 67
Michel Foucault’s visie op taal en betekenis ................................................................................................. 67
Discours en discursieve praktijken ................................................................................................................ 68
Relatie kennis en macht ................................................................................................................................ 68
Historisering van discours ............................................................................................................................. 69
Voorbeeld – Discours/frames over vluchtelingen .............................................................................................. 69
Terminologie van framing ............................................................................................................................. 69
Constructivistische benadering framing........................................................................................................ 70
Frames vluchtelingen .................................................................................................................................... 70
Les 7 – communicator en medium................................................................................................................. 72
DOELSTELLINGEN .............................................................................................................................................. 72
Communicator ................................................................................................................................................... 72
INLEIDENDE BEGRIPPEN ................................................................................................................................ 72
Het MEdium ...................................................................................................................................................... 74
Historische mediUMstudies: Toronto school ................................................................................................ 74
4 axioma’s ten aanzien van niet-technisch onderzoek naar media .............................................................. 76
Innovatie en de verspreiding ervan............................................................................................................... 78
Bepalende factoren voor diffusieproces ....................................................................................................... 78
Fasen in adoptieproces ................................................................................................................................. 79
Technologisch determinisme? ...................................................................................................................... 80
Aanpak HUIDIGE mediumstudies .................................................................................................................. 80
Les 8 – publiek en publiekstudies .................................................................................................................. 81
Doelstellingen .................................................................................................................................................... 81
Hybride notie het publiek .................................................................................................................................. 81
Hybride en denkbeeldige notie: het publiek ...................................................................................................... 81
Definitie publiek ................................................................................................................................................ 82
Effectenonderzoek en almacht van de media ................................................................................................... 82
Kritiek op almacht van de media ....................................................................................................................... 82
Naar een model van beperkte effecten (Klapper, 1960) ................................................................................... 83
Two step flow of communication .................................................................................................................. 83
Publieksonderzoek ............................................................................................................................................. 84
Uses & Gratifications: Publiek is doelgericht ..................................................................................................... 84
4
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