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Summary European Law (B-KUL-C04O2a) - Muir Elise
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EU Institutional LawCHAPTER 1: THE FOUNDATIONS OF EU LAW
I. EUROPEAN INTEGRATION: OBJECTIVE, PRINCIPLES AND VALUES
Essential purpose of European Union (‘EU’) Art.1 §2 of the Treaty on
European Union (‘TEU’): ‘an ever closer union among the peoples of
Europe’
2 founding principles (Article 4 TEU)
o Equality of the Member States. (Nb: respect for national
identities)
o Sincere cooperation
Idea of good faith towards the EU
Indien we een vredevolle union willen, than we need equality
between the states
Doc 1. Which values underlie the founding of the European Union?
o As stated in art. 2 TEU; the union is founded on the values of
respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the
rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of
persons belonging to minorities
o Objectives worden weergegeven in artikel 3
Doc 1. Do you think the same values apply in Belgium or other EU
countries?
o I think these values are shared by the European countries as
they are the basis of the EU. The implementation can however
be different due to cultural and political differences
o Yes, because it gets mentioned within art. 2 TEU that these
values are common to the member states
o The fundamental values of the EU such as the rule of law,
human rights, freedom, democracy etc. are overall applicable
in Belgium. However these values are not so closely followed
in the other member states of the EU
1
, o Art. 2 is van groot belang maar er dient steeds gekeken te
worden naar hoe ze geimplementeerd worden
A set of values: common to the MS + foundations of the EU:
‘The Union is founded on the values of respect for human dignity,
freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human
rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities. These
values are common to the Member States in a society in which
pluralism, non-discrimination, tolerance, justice, solidarity and
equality between women and men prevail.’ (Art. 2 TEU)
o Verschillende actoren kunnen een verschillende implementatie
hebben doordat artikel 2 niet zegt hoe landen het moeten
interpreteren
o Geen definitie die wordt gegeven
‘Complementary’ source: Art. 6 TEU
Necessary presumption: ‘mutual trust’
o Vertrouwen omtrent het idee dat anderen de values
incorporeren
Renewed attention: risks of serious breaches of the rule of law in
Poland and Hungary
II. A UNIQUE FORM OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION
Forms of economic integration: verschillende niveaus van
integratie
o free trade area
first degree of integration
o ‘customs union’
Free trade area plus a common approach to trade
coming outside of the area
o ‘common market’
A free trade area who is a custom union
Kan meer ambitious zijn
b
2
, o ‘internal market’
Internal market - an area without internal frontiers in
which the free movement of goods, persons, services
and capital is ensured
Common market
Ja kan de grenzen oversteken zonder telken opnieuw
gecontroleerd te worden
EU = a broader political project: not just about allowing
persons, goods en services, mobility of judgements,
o fundamental status of EU citizen
additional rights on top of national rights
o common economic and monetary policy
symbol: currency (euro)
o an area of freedom, security and justice
o a common foreign and security policy
Een belangrijke rol spelen in geopolitieke zaken
Spreken met 1 stem over grote gebeurtenissen zoals de
zaken die in Oekraïne gebeuren
Werkt niet altijd even goed
o The EU in particular is much more than a form of economic
integration: it is the key part grown to something much more
ambitious
Doc. 1 What are the key objectives in the current TEU?
o They are mentioned within art. 3 TEU: an area of freedom,
social market, economy, combat discrimination, cohesion and
solidarity, economic and monetary union, …
o The union strives to promote peace, its values and the well-
being of its peoples. A side from that, it well offer its citizens
an area without internal frontiers to ensure the free movement
of persons. It shall contribute to the protection, …
Among the others in Europe
3
, Regional organizations: er zijn er heel veel, niet enkel de EU maar
dus nog heel wat anderen
o Lijkt op een federale staat volgens sommigen
Door het gesloten karakter
o Andere vormen waarmee de EU gaat interageren
o EFTA: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, & Switzerland
4 staten worden samengebracht
Deze staten hebben een free trade area gemaakt
Economische intergratie tussen hun
3 eerste staten zijn ook geconnecteert aan de EU door
een internationaal akkoord die hieronder wordt
aangehaald
o European Economic Area (‘EEA’): 3 EFTA States [not CH] +
EU
Zij mogen deel uitmaken van de EU interne markt
Dit zorgt ervoor dat je spullen kan verkopen aan
Noorwegen zoals je dit kan doen naar eenderd welk land
Zwitserland maakt er dus geen deel van uit
o Yet closer relationship EU – Norway
Landen van de EFTA hebben vaak nog meer
overeenkomsten
Zo is Noorwegen deel van het schengen-akkoord
waardoor er geen paspoort controla is
o See also: EU – CH & EU - UK
o De EU interageert met andere niet-EU Staten
Tools
‘intergovernmental’ method
o Gouvernementen van verschillende staten komen samen om
te discussiëren over akkoorden
o De beslingmakers maken deel uit van een gouvernement van
een Staat
‘supranational’ method/‘community’ method
o Sommige beslissingen op EU niveau zijn hier het resultaat van
o Autonomy of het will of each member State
4
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