Chapter 1. The Foundations of Biochemistry
(Answers are at the End of Each Chapter)
1. In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the:
A) cell envelope.
B) cell membrane.
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosomes.
2. A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the
de...
,Chapter 1. The Foundations of Biochemistry
(Answers are at the End of Each Chapter)
1. In a bacterial cell, the DNA is in the:
A) cell envelope.
B) cell membrane.
C) nucleoid.
D) nucleus.
E) ribosomes.
2. A major change occurring in the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the
development of:
A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic capability.
C) plasma membranes.
D) ribosomes.
E) the nucleus.
3. In eukaryotes, the nucleus is enclosed by a double membrane called the:
A) cell membrane.
B) nuclear envelope.
C) nucleolus.
D) nucleoplasm.
E) nucleosome.
4. The dimensions of living cells are limited, on the lower end by the minimum number of
biomolecules necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of
solutes such as oxygen. Except for highly elongated cells, they usually have lengths and
diameters in the range of:
A) 0.1 m to 10 m.
B) 0.3 m to 30 m.
C) 0.3 m to 100 m.
D) 1 m to 100 m.
E) 1 m to 300 m.
5. Which group of single-celled microorganisms has many members found growing in
extreme environments?
A) bacteria
B) archaea
C) eukaryotes
D) heterotrophs
E) None of the answers is correct.
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, 6. The bacterium E. coli requires simple organic molecules for growth and energy—it is
therefore a:
A) chemoautotroph.
B) chemoheterotroph.
C) lithotroph.
D) photoautotroph.
E) photoheterotroph.
7. Which is a list of organelles?
A) mitochondria, chromatin, endoplasmic reticulum
B) peroxisomes, lysosomes, plasma membrane
C) proteasomes, peroxisomes, lysosomes
D) mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes
E) All of the answers are correct.
8. Which list has the cellular components arranged in order of INCREASING size?
A) amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome
B) amino acid < protein < ribosome < mitochondrion
C) amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion
D) protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome
E) protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid
9. The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules is formed and maintained primarily
through noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is NOT considered a
noncovalent interaction?
A) carbon-carbon bonds
B) hydrogen bonds
C) hydrophobic interactions
D) ionic interactions
E) van der Waals interactions
10. Which element is NOT among the four most abundant in living organisms?
A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen
E) phosphorus
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, 11. The xfour xcovalent xbonds xin xmethane x(CH4) xare xarranged xaround xcarbon xto xgive
xwhich xgeometry?
A) linear
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal xbipyramidal
D) trigonal xplanar
E) trigonal xpyramidal
12. What xfunctional xgroups xare xpresent xon xthis xmolecule?
A) ether xand xaldehyde
B) hydroxyl xand xaldehyde
C) hydroxyl xand xcarboxylic xacid
D) hydroxyl xand xester
E) hydroxyl xand xketone
13. The xmacromolecules xthat xserve xin xthe xstorage xand xtransmission xof xgenetic
xinformation xare:
A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) membranes.
D) nucleic xacids.
E) proteins.
14. Stereoisomers xthat xare xnonsuperimposable xmirror ximages xof xeach xother xare xknown xas:
A) anomers.
B) cis-trans xisomers.
C) diastereoisomers.
D) enantiomers.
E) geometric xisomers.
15. The xcatalog xof xall xproteins xfunctioning xin xa xcell xis xthe:
A) metabolome.
B) proteasome.
C) lysosome.
D) proteome.
E) genome.
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