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PALEO 200 Introduction to Dinosaurs in the Fossil Record Lecture notes 1-12 university of Alberta $14.49
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PALEO 200 Introduction to Dinosaurs in the Fossil Record Lecture notes 1-12 university of Alberta

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PALEO 200 Introduction to Dinosaurs in the Fossil Record Lecture notes 1-12 university of Alberta

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  • January 14, 2025
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PALEO 200 Introduction to Dinosaurs in the Fossil Recor
Lecture notes 1-12 university of Alberta




PALEO 200


LESSON 1 - ANATOMY


Paleontology - study of prehistoric life
Fossil - preserved evidence of a prehistoric organism (bones, footprints,
eggshells, poop, skin, feathers)
- birds are the smallest of the dinosaurs
Adaptations - traits that have evolved to serve specific functions
Bones:
- resist gravity and keep form
- provide framework for muscles
- provide protection
- store mineral reserves (calcium)
Vertebrates are defined by a skull and vertebrae (bone/cartilage structure
surrounding spinal cord) ex: fish, amphibians, turtles, snakes, birds,
mammals
- the first vertebrates were aquatic animals (500 million ya)
Invertebrates don’t posses vertebrae (insects, spiders, snails, clams,
jellyfish, worms) Brain Case - skull chamber that houses the brain with
opening for nerves (size = mental capacity)
- Jaw size as well as teeth or a beak tell us what they ate
Nares = nostrils
Orbits = eyes
Fenestrae = additional openings:

,- Laterotemporal = sides
- Supratemporal = top
- Antorbital = reduced weight of skull or large sinus cavities?


-Vertebral Column comprised of a centrum (spool/disk), neural arch, and
neural canal (housing spinal nerves)
- Transverse (lateral) and spinuous (top) processes exist for muscle
attachment and articulation surfaces

, - Cervical vertebrae = neck
- Dorsal Vertebrae = back (all connect to ribs)
- Sacral Vertebrae = hips - fused with each other as well as pelvic
bones to form SACRUM
- Caudal Vertebrae = tail...chevrons
- Gastralia = belly ribs
- Tetrapods = 4 feet


Limb Girdles:
Pectoral - forelimbs connect
Scapula = shoulder blade
Pelvic = hindlimbs connect (ilium = upper hip, pubis = belly, ischium
- tail Acetabulum - joint hole for articulation




- Humerus: largest arm bone which connects to the radius (thinner) and ulna
- Carpels: wrist bones connecting metacarpels and phalanges (fingers)
- Femur: largest leg bone which connects to the fibula (thinner) and tibia
- Tarsals: ankle bones connecting metatarsels and phalanges
- When dinos walked, only their toes touched the ground (allowing for longer steps)

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