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Summary Raine et al Edexcel notes :))
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this document has my notes for the Raine study (useful for other exam boards but I specifically used Edexcel) Complete with AO1,2,3 in a clear way
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Raine et al 1997in the experimental group
(NGRI) and 41 in the control
Background:
group.
Some criminals including The experiment was
murderers will claim that their conducted using matched
actions were due to their brain. pairs design for the
These people plead not guilty by experimental and control as
reason of insanity (NGRI). Raine they were matched via age
wanted to see wether or not these and gender.
claims had some scientific The groups each had 39
evidence behind them. men and 2 women.
6 participants had
Aim:
schizophrenia and were
Raine’s aim was to experiment on matched with non
murderers that pleaded NGRI to murderers with the same
explore if their claims were condition.
correct by analysing their brain The experiment consisted of
activity. using a tracer called
fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)
Their hypothesis was that they
which gives off radiation
were likely to find in murderers
when injected into the body.
that they have dysfunction in
A PET scan was used to
their prefrontal cortex, amygdala,
detect this radiation in the
hippocampus, hippothalamus and
participants which was able
corpus callosum.
to show where the areas of
Procedure: high and low activity were
in the brain.
Before the main experiment The FDG was injected and
took place, Raine conducted taken up by the brain, but
a pilot study in order to this process takes around
assess the likelihood of 30 minutes and Raine made
receiving significant results the participants complete a
when conducted on a larger continuous performance
scale. task in this time (CPT).
This pilot student consisted The CPT included the
of 22 participants that participants having to wear
pleaded NGRI and 22 headphones and click a
control participants (normal button each time they
people) heard a beep which should
They found that the NGRI initiate activity in the pre-
group had significantly frontal cortex.
lower activity in their Before the experiment took
prefrontal cortex than those place, the murderers had to
in the control group. be off any medication they
The main experiment were on to regulate
consisted of 41 participants
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