Hydrostatic Pressure - ANS ✓Push, typically happens at the arterial level
Osmotic Pressure - ANS ✓Pull, typically on the veinous level, wherever the
waste needs to be eliminated from the body
Isotonic Solutions - ANS ✓Completely balanced solutions, blood, NS
Hypotonic Solutions - ANS ✓Less solute so its less concentrated, only a few
pepper flakes, 0.45% NaCl (1/2 NS)
Give this to dehydrated pt
Hypertonic Solutions - ANS ✓More solute, so its more concentrated, lots of
pepper flakes, 3.0-5.0% NaCl
Give this to cerebral edema pt
Na+ Normal Range - ANS ✓135-145 mEq/L
NR283
, 2
NR
K+ Normal Range - ANS ✓3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Cl- Normal Range - ANS ✓98-106 mEq/L
Ca2+ Normal Range - ANS ✓8.5-10.5 mEq/L
Mg2+ Normal Range - ANS ✓1.4-2.1 mEq/L
Hyponatremia - ANS ✓Low sodium due to rapid dehydration
Hypernatremia - ANS ✓High sodium, slower dehydration, ex: old person who
can't get up to drink water frequently enough
Hypokalemia - ANS ✓Low potassium, cardiac arrhythmia, leg cramping,
decreased bowel sounds
Hyperkalemia - ANS ✓High potassium, cardiac arrest, muscle weakness,
hyperactive bowel sounds
Hypocalcemia - ANS ✓weak bones and teeth, severe muscle cramping,
Trousseau and Chvostek signs, caused by not ingesting enough calcium or
vitamin D
NR283
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