Exam 2: NUR 242 (Latest 2025/ 2026) Medical-Surgical Nursing
Exam Review, Questions and Correct Answers 100% Correct- Galen
1. Glomerulonephritis what will you see in the urinalysis?: Protein in the urine v v v v v v v v v v v
2. The nurse is assigned to 4 clients on a med surg floor.Which of the following clients should t
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he nurse determine is at the greatest risk for developing hypercalcemia?: Client with hyper
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parathyroidism
3. The nurse is monitoring fluid volume status of the client who has heart fail-
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v ure and is at risk for clinical dehydration. Which of the following interventions is the most ef
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fective for monitoring this client?: weigh the client every morning before breakfast
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4. The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving prescribed 0.9% sodium chloride or nor
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mal saline IV at a rate of 200ml/hr. for treatment of dehy-
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v dration.Which of the following findings requires immediate follow- v v v v v v v
up by the nurse?: distended neck veins when the patient is in semi-fowlers position.
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5. kidney ultrasound teaching: Drink 500-1000ml of water 2-
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3 hours before the test helps full the bladder, full bladder prior to test, do not urinate till after
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test,
6. How does kidney ultrasound work?: uses sound waves to produce images of the kidneys, u
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reters, bladder, and surrounding tissues
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7. What position should a patient be in during a kidney ultrasound: prone position duri
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ng the kidney ultrasound
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8. During kidney ultrasound what device is used?: A transducer in contact with the skin deliv
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ers sound waves and measures echoes to
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,produce images v
9. Cystoscopy and cystourethroscopy: are endoscopic procedures used to eval-
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uate the bladder, urethra, and lower portions of the ureters
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10. Kidney biopsy teaching?: platelet count, aPTT, PT, and bleeding time, are conducted befo
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re surgery to assess the risk of bleeding, fast for 4 to 6 hours before the biopsy, strict bedrest, lyi
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ng in a supine position with a
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back roll for additional support for 2 to 6 hours after the biopsy
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11. Platelet count: 150,000-400,000/mm3 v v
12. aPTT: 30-40 seconds v v
13. PT:
14. Bleeding time: 1-9 minutes v v v
15. cystitis: inflammation of the bladder v v v v
16. Atherosclerosis: hardening of the arteries, loss of elasticity and thickening of the artery w
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all
17. Type 1 Diabetes s/s (3 P's): Onset usually younger than 30 years old, Abrupt onset, thirst,
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hunger, increased urine output, weight loss
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pancreatic beta- v
cell destruction insulin dependent
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, Polydipsia Polyphagi v
a Polyuria v
18. Type II Diabetes s/s: Peak's in 50's, may occur earlier, frequently no symptoms
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- can present with thirst, fatigue, blurred vision, vascular or neural complications
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- dysfunctional pancreatic beta-cells v v
- insulin needed for 20-30% of patients
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19. Hypoglycemia Symptoms: Shaky, fast heartbeat, sweating, dizzy, anxious, hungry, blur v v v v v v v v v
red vision, weakness or fatigue, headache, irritable
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20. Hypoglycemia treatment: check blood sugar, taking 30 to 4 glucose tablets or hard candie
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s you chew quickly such as
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- peppermint or by drinking 4 ounces of fruit juice or 1/2 can of regular sod a
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- recheck blood sugar after 15 minutes. If still low, treat again
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21. Hyperglycemia symptoms: Extreme thirst, need to urinate often, dry skin, hungry, blu v v v v v v v v v v v
rred vision, drowsy,
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22. type 2 diabetes: insulin resistance
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23. Type 1 diabetes: insulin dependent
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24. Dawn phenomenon: Early morning glucose elevation produced by the release of growth h
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ormone, which decreases peripheral uptake of glucose resulting in elevated morning glucose l
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evels. Admin of NPH insulin at a later time in day will coordinate insulin peak with the hormone
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release.
25. Somogyi phenomenon: A rebound phenomenon that occurs in clients with type 1 diabetes
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mellitus. Normal or elevated blood glucose levels are present at bedtime; hypoglycemia occurs
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