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Practice task for the production of paracetamol (Extended)

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Course
Unit 4 - Laboratory Techniques and their Application (CHEMSC1)

Institution
PEARSON (PEARSON)

This document describes a risk assessment for the production of paracetamol, theory basics such as a hand drawn strcuture for the production of paracetamol, percentage yield, factors for percentage yield, purity and testing purity, the industrial preperation of paracetamol in terms of spray drying,...

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Uploaded on January 14, 2025
Number of pages 5
Written in 2024/2025
Type Other
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risk assessment
4 aminophenol
ethanoic anhydride
ethanoic acid
paracetamol
structure equation
percentage yield
purity
impurity
melting point
factors of percentage yield
industrial preperation for para

Study Level
BTEC
Examinator
PEARSON (PEARSON)
Subject
Applied Science 2016 NQF
Unit
Unit 4 - Laboratory Techniques and their Application (CHEMSC1)

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1. Risk Assessment
Equipment/Chemical/Hazard Hazard Risk Precaution

Glassware Health hazard, Irritation of the eye, Wear glasses, goggles and a
environmental inflammation of the lab coat, use glasses in good
hazard, skin, Spillages, condition
shattered glass in
skin or eyes,
poisoning

4-aminophenol Health hazard, suspected of Wash with hot water and soap
environmental causing genetic if contact on skin, wear eye
hazard, harmful defects. goggles, gloves, and a lab
coat when handling, irrigate
Harmful if the eye under cold water for
swallowed or if 20 minutes, call 999 if
inhaled. severely damaged

Very toxic to aquatic
life with long lasting
effects.

Ethanoic anhydride Explosive, Sore throat. Cough. no contact with water or
flammable Burning sensation in incompatible substances. no
the throat and chest. open flames, no sparks and
Shortness of breath. no smoking. Above 49°C use
Chest pain. a closed system, ventilation
Laboured breathing. and explosion-proof electrical
Serious skin burns, equipment.
Severe burns of the
eye Corneal damage

Ethanoic acid Corrosive, causes severe skin Wear glasses, goggles and a
flammable, burns and eye lab coat, irrigate the eye under
toxic damage, very toxic if cold water for 20 minutes, call
inhaled and 999 if severely damaged, do
swallowed, causes not use ethanoic acid as gas
health issues state

Paracetamol Toxic, health Overdosage would If as medicine, read the
hazard cause damage to instructions on the packaging
your liver and may for safety, do not take more
result in death than 6 to 8 in 24 hours to
prevent overdosage, seek
medical help or call 999 if this
is the case. If a chemical, do
not inhale any fumes that may
be presented. As always, wear
goggles, gloves and a lab coat
when handling.

References: https://science.cleapss.org.uk/Resource/All-in-one-Student-Safety-
Sheets.pdf
https://www.dcfinechemicals.com/catalogo/Hojas%20de%20seguridad%20(EN)/10079
0-SDS-EN.pdf
https://theory.labster.com/hazard_symbols/

, https://chemicalsafety.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0209

https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/paracetamol

2. Equation
A hand drawn structural equation of the reaction

4-aminophenol + ethanoic anhydride→ paracetamol + ethanoic acid

+ → +

References: https://www.fishersci.fi/shop/products/4-aminophenol-97-thermo-
scientific/10142560
https://lab.honeywell.com/shop/acetic-anhydride-33214
https://www.123rf.com/photo_12416391_paracetamol-acetaminophen-structural-
formula.html

3. How do you calculate percentage yield?

Percentage yield = (Actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100

References:
4. Why do you not get a 100% yield? (Factors)

-impurity of the reactants
-side reactions
-incomplete reactions due to pressure, volume, heat, surface area, concentration,
absence of catalysts
-product loss at separation, purification and filtration
-Reversable reactions
-duration of reactions

References: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/ztbqfcw/revision/3

5. How do we test for the purity of paracetamol

The mean melting point of paracetamol is between 169–170.5 °C. This melting point of
paracetamol can differ if there are impurities in the solution. Having impurities in the
solution tells us that there will be other compounds present that will have different

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