NR 605 Final Midterm Exam 1Questions and Answers 100% Guaranteed Pass Latest Updated 2025/2026
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NR 605 Final Midterm Exam 1 Questions and Answers
100% Guaranteed Pass Latest Updated 2025/2026
1. incidence rate: the number of new cases of a disease (in a specific period: usually a yea
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
r)
divided by t
the number of individuals in a population
t t t t t t
2. prevalence rate: proportion of the population affected by a disease in a given time
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
-remember if we are good at treating a chronic disease, the prevalence may be higher
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
3. cell injury causes: Depletion of ATP
t t t t t
4. decreased oxygen in the cell: increased release of free radicals
t t t t t t t t t
5. increased free radicals leads to: increased intracellular calcium
t t t t t t t
6. increased cell calcium leads to: defects in cellular membrane
t t t t t t t t
7. defects in cell membrane lead to: cell death
t t t t t t t
8. ABO antigens: Individual receives either A antigen, B antigen or neither (O)
t t t t t t t t t t t
9. A antigen has: B antibodies
t t t t
10. B antigen has: A antibodies
t t t t
11. AB antigen has: no antibodies
t t t t
12. O antigen: A and B antibodies
t t t t t
13. Universal donor: O t t
14. Universal recipient: AB t t
15. immunoglobulins:IgG IgM, t t
IgA It
1t/t
18
,gE I t
gD
16. IgG: most abundant antibody
t t t
active agains viruses, bacteria and toxins
t t t t t
17. IgM: Largest, 1st antibody produced in response to an antigen
t t t t t t t t t
18. Timing of IgG and IgM: refer to photo
t t t t t t t
19. IgA: found in secretions and mucous membranes
t t t t t t
20. IgE: active in allergies and parasitic reactions
t t t t t t
Causes release of histamine
t t t
21. IgD: activation of B and T cells
t t t t t t
22. Type I Hypersensitivity: IgE mediated Allergi
t t t t t
c reactions
t
with exposure to antigen IgE bind with mast cells causing the release of histamine
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
2t/t
18
, bronchial constriction, urticaria, increased mucous, edema (capillary perm), in-
t t t t t t t t
t creased blood flow (vasodilation)t t t
allergic reactions, bee sting, shellfish, anaphylaxis
t t t t t
23. Type II hypersensitivity: IgG mediated
t t t t
IgG binds to cell antigen leading to destruction of the cell
t t t t t t t t t t
ABO reactions, hemolytic disease of the newborn
t t t t t t
24. Type III Hypersensitivity: antigen binds with IgG and IgM to form a complex Arthus reactio
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
n
SLE, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune
t t t
25. Arthus reaction: Complexes of IgG, IgM andantibody becometrapped insmall vessels leadi
t t t t t t t t t t t t t
ng to inflammation
t t
26. Type IV Hypersensitivity: Cell-mediated, delayed hypersensitivity
t t t t t
SensitizedT-cellsrelease lymphokines>>inflammation>>destruction of antigen bearing cells
t t t t t t t
contact dermatitis, acute graft rejection, T test
t t t t t t
27. Tumor cell markers (why do we care?): helps providers to identify those at high risk and d
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
etermine when further evaluation is needed
t t t t t
28. Staging of tumors (purpose): determines how aggressive the cancer is and what level of tr
t t t t t t t t t t t t t t
eatment is needed t t
29. TNM: tumor-node-metastasis t
30. cancer stages:1:tumor present 2: loc t t t t t t
3t/t
18
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