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Samenvatting PGO Blok 2 jaar 1 taak 11
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PGO Blok 2 jaar 1 taak 11
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, Hoofdvraag: Hoe is een dier te trainen en wat gebeurd er daarbij in de hersenen?Bij Trainen maak je gebruik van:
Beloningsschema:
Fixed ratio
Variabel ratio
Fixed interval
Variabele interval
Bekrachtigingsschema:
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Negative punishment
Positive Punishment:
Onvoorwaardelijk en voorwaardelijk (moet je aanleren!) bekrachtigen:
onvoorwaardelijke beloning: brokje, aai
onvoorwaardelijke straf: schrik, ongemak
voorwaardelijke beloning: ‘braaf’
voorwaardelijke straf: ‘foei’
Methodes:
Inprenting
Imitatie/sociaal leren
Habituatie en gewenning/associative learning
Exploratie/omgevingsleer
Operant leren
Spel
Trail and error
Inzicht/problemsolving
Wat gebeurd er in de hersenen:
Verandering vind plaats op het niveau waarop connecties worden gemaakt tussen neuronen:
Nieuwe connecties vormen van de interne structuur en de interne structuur van de aanwezige
synapsen veranderen. De banen tussen synapsen en neuronen in de motor cortex worden sterker
(snelwegen i.p.v. landweg)
Korte en lange termijngeheugen slaan allebei informatie op in de cerebral cortex (hersenschors).
Voor korte termijn geheugen worden er tijdelijke linken gevormd in de hippocampus. Wanneer de
informatie op lange termijn onthouden moet worden, worden de linken in de hippocampus
vervangen door connecties in de hersenschors zelf.
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