FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING ACTIVE LEARNING FOR
COLLABORATIVE PRACTICE 3RD EDITION YOOST TEST BANK
,Chapter 01: Nursing, Theory, and Professional Practice
Yoost & Crawford: Fundamentals of Nursing: Active Learning for Collaborative Practice, 3rd
Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A group of nursing learners are discussing the impact of non-nursing theories in clinical
practice. The learners would be correct if they chose which theory to prioritize hospital
patient care?
a. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
b. Paul’s Critical-Thinking Theory
c. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
d. Rosenstock’s Health Belief Model
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- C
Reasoning:->>>Maslow’s hierarchy of needs specifies the psychological and physiologic
factors that affect each person’s physical and mental health. The nursing attendant understands
of these factors helps with formulating Nursing diagnoses that address the hospital patient’s
needs and values to prioritize care. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development and
Socialization is based on individuals’ interacting and learning about their world. Nursing
attendants use concepts of developmental theory to critically think in providing care for their
hospital patients at various stages of their lives.
Rosenstock (1974) developed the psychological Health Belief Model. The model addresses
possible reasons for why a hospital patient may not comply with recommended health
promotion behaviors. This model is especially useful to nursing attendants as they educate
hospital patients.
DIFFICULT: Remembering OBJ: 1.5 TOPIC: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
2. A nursing learner is preparing study notes from a recent lecture in nursing history. The
learner would credit Florence Nightingale for which definition of nursing?
a. The imbalance between the hospital patient and the environment decreases the
capacity for health.
b. The nursing attendant needs to focus on interpersonal processes between nursing attendant and
hospital patient.
c. The nursing attendant assists the hospital patient with essential functions toward independence.
d. Human beings are interacting in continuous motion as energy fields.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- A
Reasoning:->>>Florence Nightingale’s (1860) concept of the environment emphasized
prevention and clean air, water, and housing. This theory states that the imbalance between
the hospital patient and the environment decreases the capacity for health and does not allow
for conservation of energy. Hildegard Peplau (1952) focused on the roles played by the
nursing attendant and the interpersonal process between a nursing attendant and a hospital
patient. Virginia Henderson described the nursing attendant’s role as substitutive (doing for the
person), supplementary (helping the person), or complementary (working with the person), with
the goal of independence for the hospital patient.
Martha Rogers (1970) developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings. She stated that
human beings and their environments are interacting in continuous motion as infinite energy
fields.
DIFFICULT: Understanding OBJ: 1.4 TOPIC:
Planning MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Health Promotion and
Maintenance NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion
,3. The nursing attendant identifies which nursing attendant established the American Red Cross during the
Civil War?
a. Dorothea Dix
b. Linda Richards
c. Lena Higbee
d. Clara Barton
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- D
Reasoning:->>>Clara Barton practiced nursing in the Civil War and established the American
Red Cross. Dorothea Dix was the head of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, which was a
forerunner of the Army Nursing attendant Corps. Linda Richards was America’s first trained
nursing attendant, graduating from Boston’s Women’s Health center in 1873, and Lena
Higbee, superintendent of the U.S. Navy Nursing attendant Corps, was awarded the Navy
Cross in 1918.
DIFFICULT: Remembering OBJ: 1.3 TOPIC:
Assessment MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Health Promotion and
Maintenance
NOT: Concepts: Professionalism
4. The nursing instructor is researching the five proficiencies regarded as essential for learners
and professionals. The nursing instructor identifies which organization would be found to
have added safety as a sixth competency?
a. Quality and Safety Education for Nursing attendants(QSEN)
b. Institute of Medicine (IOM)
c. American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
d. National League for Nursing (NLN)
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- A
Reasoning:->>>The Institute of Medicine report health professions Education: A Bridge to Quality
(2003), outlines five core competencies. These include hospital patient-centered care,
interdisciplinary
teamwork, use of evidence-based medicine, quality improvement, and use of information
technology. QSEN added safety as a sixth competency. The Essentials of Baccalaureate
Education for Professional Nursing Practice are provided and updated by the American
Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) (2008). The document offers a framework for the
education of professional nursing attendants with outcomes for learners to meet. The National
League for Nursing (NLN) outlines and updates competencies for practical, associate,
baccalaureate, and graduate nursing education programs.
DIFFICULT: Remembering OBJ: 1.1 TOPIC: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
5. The nursing attendant manager is interviewing graduate nursing attendants to fill existing
staffing vacancies. When hiring graduate nursing attendants, the nursing attendant manager
realizes that they will probably not be considered “competent” until they complete which
task?
a. They graduate and pass NCLEX.
b. They have worked 2 to 3 years.
c. Their last year of nursing school.
d. They are actually hired.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- B
, Reasoning :->>>Benner’s model identifies five levels of proficiency: novice, advanced
beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. The learner nursing attendant progresses from
novice to advanced beginner during nursing school and attains the competent level after
approximately 2 to 3 years of work experience after graduation. To obtain the RN
credential, a person must graduate from an approved school of nursing and pass a state
licensing examination called the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nursing
attendants (NCLEX-RN) usually taken soon after completion of an approved nursing program.
DIFFICULT: Remembering OBJ: 1.7 TOPIC: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
6. The prospective learner is considering options for beginning a career in nursing. Which
degree would best match the learner’s desire to conduct research at the university level?
a. Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN)
b. Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)
c. Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)
d. Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing (PhD)
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- D
Reasoning :->>>Doctoral nursing education can result in a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree.
This degree prepares nursing attendants for leadership roles in research, teaching, and
administration that are essential to advancing nursing as a profession. Associate Degree in
Nursing (ADN) programs usually are conducted in a community college setting. The nursing
curriculum focuses on adult acute and chronic disease; maternal/child health; pediatrics; and
psychiatric/mental health nursing. ADN RNs may return to school to earn a bachelor’s degree
or higher in an RN-to-BSN or RN-to-MSN program. Bachelor’s degree programs include
community health and management courses beyond those provided in an associate degree
program. A newer
practice-focused doctoral degree is the Doctor of Nursing practice (DNP), which concentrates
on the clinical aspects of nursing. DNP specialties include the four advanced practice roles of
NP, CNS, CNM, and CRNA.
DIFFICULT: Remembering OBJ: 1.9 TOPIC: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
7. During a staff meeting, the nursing attendant manager announces that the health center will
be seeking Magnet status. To explain the requirements for this award, the nursing attendant
manager will contact which organization?
a. American Nursing attendants Association (ANA)
b. American Nursing attendants Credentialing Center (ANCC)
c. National League for Nursing (NLN)
d. Joint Commission
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- B
Reasoning :->>>The American Nursing attendants Credentialing Center (ANCC) awards
Magnet Recognition to health centers that have shown excellence and innovation in nursing.
The ANA is a professional organization that provides standards of nursing practice. The
National League for Nursing (NLN) outlines and updates competencies for practical,
associate, baccalaureate, and graduate nursing education programs. The Joint Commission is
the accrediting organization for primary care facilities in the United States.
, DIFFICULT: Remembering OBJ: 1.1 TOPIC: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
8. The nursing attendant is caring for a hospital patient who refuses two units of packed red
blood cells. When the nursing attendant notifies the primary care provider of the hospital
patient’s decision, the nursing attendant is acting in which role?
a. Manager
b. Change agent
c. Advocate
d. Educator
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- C
Reasoning:->>>As the hospital patient’s advocate, the nursing attendant interprets
information and provides the necessary education. The nursing attendant then accepts and
respects the hospital patient’s decisions even if they are different from the nursing attendant’s
own beliefs. The nursing attendant supports the hospital patient’s wishes and communicates
them to other primary care providers. A nursing attendant manages all of the activities and
treatments for hospital patients. In the role of change agent, the nursing attendant works with
hospital patients to address their health concerns and with staff members to address change
in an organization or within a community. The nursing attendant ensures that the hospital
patient receives sufficient information on which to base consent for care and related
treatment. Education becomes a major focus of discharge planning so that hospital patients
will be prepared to handle their own needs at home.
DIFFICULT: Applying OBJ: 1.2 TOPIC: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
9. The nursing learner develops a plan of care based on a recently published article describing
the effects of bed rest on a hospital patient’s calcium blood levels. When creating the plan
of care, the nursing learner has the obligation to consider which action?
a. Critically appraise the evidence and determine validity.
b. Ensure that the plan of care does not alter present practice.
c. Change the process even when there is no problem identified.
d. Maintain the plan of care regardless of initial outcome.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- A
Reasoning:->>>Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an integration of the best-available research
evidence with clinical judgment about a specific hospital patient situation. The nursing
attendant assesses present and past research, clinical guidelines, and other resources to
identify relevant literature. The application of EBP includes critically appraising the evidence
to assess its validity, designing a change for practice, assessing the need for change and
identifying a problem, and integrating and maintaining change while monitoring process and
outcomes by reevaluating the application of evidence and assessing areas for improvement.
DIFFICULT: Applying OBJ: 1.2 TOPIC: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
,10. The nursing attendant is delegating frequent blood pressure (BP) measurements for
a hospital patient admitted with a gunshot wound to a licensed practical nursing
attendant (LPN). When delegating, the nursing attendant understands which fact?
a. He/she may assume that the LPN is able to perform this task appropriately.
b. The LPN is ultimately responsible for the hospital patient findings and assessment.
c. The LPN may perform the tasks assigned without further supervision.
d. He/she retains ultimate responsibility for hospital patient care and supervision is needed.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- D
Reasoning:->>>The RN retains ultimate responsibility for hospital patient care, which requires
supervision of those to whom hospital patient care is delegated. In the process of
collaboration, the nursing attendant delegates certain activities to other primary care
personnel. The RN needs to know the scope of practice or capabilities of each primary care
member for delegation to be effective and safe.
DIFFICULT: Understanding OBJ: 1.2 TOPIC: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
11. The nursing attendant is preparing to discharge a hospital patient admitted with fever of
unknown origin. The hospital patient states, “I never got past the fifth grade in school.
Don’t read much. Never saw much sense in it. But I do OK. I can read most stuff. But my
doctor explains things good and doesn’t think that my sickness is serious.” Considering this
hospital patient response, what action should the nursing attendant carry out?
a. Provide discharge medication information from a professional source to provide
the most information.
b. Expect that the hospital patient may return to the health center if the discharge
process is poorly done.
c. Assume that the physician and the hospital patient have a good rapport and that the
physician will clarify everything.
d. Defer offering the hospital patient the opportunity to sign up for wellness classes
due tothe low literacy rate.
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- B
Reasoning:->>>Low health literacy is associated with improved hospitalization, greater
emergency care use, lower use of mammography, and lower receipt of influenza vaccine. A
goal of hospital patient education by the nursing attendant is to inform hospital patients and
deliver information that is understandable by examining their level of health literacy. The
more understandable health information is for hospital patients, the closer the care is
coordinated with need.
DIFFICULT: Applying OBJ: 1.2 TOPIC: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion
12. A nursing attendant is caring for a hospital patient who lost a large amount of blood during
childbirth. The nursing attendant provides the opportunity for the hospital patient to maintain
her activity level while providing adequate periods of rest and encouragement. Which nursing
theory would the nursing attendant most likely choose as a framework for addressing the
fatigue associated with the low blood count?
a. Watson Human Caring Theory
b. Parse’s Theory of Human Becoming
c. Roy’s Adaptation Model
d. Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings
, ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- C
Reasoning:->>>Roy’s Adaptation Model is based on the human being as an adaptive open
system. The person adapts by meeting physiologic-physical needs, developing a positive self-
concept–group identity, performing social role functions, and balancing dependence and
independence.
Stressors result in illness by disrupting the equilibrium. Nursing care is directed at altering
stimuli that are stressors to the hospital patient. The nursing attendant helps hospital patients
strengthen their abilities to adapt to their illnesses or helps them to develop adaptive
behaviors. Watson’s theory is based on caring, with nursing attendants dedicated to health
and healing. The nursing attendant functions to preserve the dignity and wholeness of humans
in health or while peacefully dying. Parse’s theory is called the Human Becoming School of
Thought. Parse formulated the Theory of Human Becoming by combining concepts from
Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings with existential-phenomenologic thought.
This theory looks at the person as a constantly changing being, and at nursing as a human
science. Martha Rogers (1970) developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings. She stated
that human beings and their environments are interacting in continuous motion as infinite
energy fields.
DIFFICULT: Applying OBJ: 1.4 TOPIC: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
13. The nursing attendant recognizes which nursing theorist who described the relationship
between the nursing attendant and the hospital patient as an interpersonal and therapeutic
process?
a. Virginia Henderson
b. Betty Neuman
c. Imogene King
d. Hildegard Peplau
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- D
Reasoning:->>>Hildegard Peplau focused on the roles played by the nursing attendant and
the interpersonal process between a nursing attendant and a hospital patient. The
interpersonal process occurs in overlapping phases: (1) orientation, (2) working, consisting of
two subphases: identification and exploitation, and (3) resolution. Betty Neuman’s Systems
Model includes a holistic concept and an open-system approach. The model identifies energy
resources that provide for basic survival, with lines of resistance that are activated when a
stressor invades the system. Virginia Henderson described the nursing attendant’s role as
substitutive (doing for the person), supplementary (helping the person), or complementary
(working with the person), with the ultimate goal of independence for the hospital patient.
Imogene King developed a general systems framework that incorporates three levels of
systems: (1) individual or personal, (2) group or interpersonal, and (3) society or social.
The theory of goal attainment discusses the importance of interaction, perception,
communication, transaction, self, role, stress, growth and development, time, and personal
space. In this theory, both the nursing attendant and the hospital patient work together to
achieve the goals in the continuous adjustment to stressors.
DIFFICULT: Remembering OBJ: 1.4 TOPIC: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Physiological
Adaptation NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion
14. When a nursing class volunteers to serve hot meals at a local homeless shelter on a Saturday
afternoon, which term identifies this focus on serving the community?
a. Altruism
, b. Accountability
c. Autonomy
d. Advocate
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- A
Reasoning:->>>A profession provides services needed by society. Additionally, practitioners’
motivation is public service over personal gain (altruism). Service to the public requires
intellectual activities, which include responsibility. This accountability has legal, ethical, and
professional implications. Members of a profession have autonomy in decision making and
practice and are self-regulating in that they develop their own policies in collaboration with
one another.
As the hospital patient’s advocate, the nursing attendant interprets information and
provides the necessary education. The nursing attendant then accepts and respects the
hospital patient’s decisions even if they are different from the nursing attendant’s own
beliefs.
DIFFICULT: Understanding OBJ: 1.6 TOPIC:
Assessment MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Health Promotion and
Maintenance
NOT: Concepts: Health Promotion
15. A hospital patient is being discharged from the health center with wound care dressing
changes. The nursing attendant recommends a referral for home health nursing care. The
nursing attendant is using which standard of practice?
a. Assessment
b. Diagnosis
c. Planning
d. Implementation
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- C
Explanation :->>> As a care provider, the nursing attendant follows the nursing process to
assess hospital patient data, prioritize Nursing diagnoses, plan the care of the hospital patient,
implement the appropriate interventions, and
evaluate care in an ongoing cycle. In recommending a referral, the nursing attendant is, in
effect, planning care.
DIFFICULT: Applying OBJ: 1.2 TOPIC: Planning
MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and
Comfort NOT: Concepts: Care Coordination
16. The nursing attendant administers a medication to the hospital patient and then realizes
that the medication had been discontinued. The error is immediately reported to the
physician. The nursing attendantrecognizes which term that identifies complying with the
standards of professional performance?
a. Ethics
b. Socialization
c. Altruism
d. Autonomy
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- A
, Reasoning:->>>Guiding the nursing attendant’s professional practice are ethical behaviors.
Ethics is the standards of right and wrong behavior. The main concepts in nursing ethics are
accountability, advocacy, autonomy (be independent and self-motivated), beneficence (act in
the best interest of the hospital patient), confidentiality, fidelity (keep promises), justice (relate
to others with fairness and equality), nonmaleficence (do no harm), responsibility, and veracity
(be truthful). Ethical guidelines direct the nursing attendant’s decision making in routine
situations and in ethical dilemmas.
Socialization to professional nursing is a process that involves learning the theory and skills
necessary for the role of nursing attendant. A profession provides services needed by society.
Additionally, practitioners’ motivation is public service over personal gain (altruism).
Members of a profession have autonomy in decision making and practice and are
self-regulating in that they develop their own policies in collaboration with one another.
DIFFICULT: Applying OBJ: 1.6 TOPIC: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and
Infection Control NOT: Concepts: Ethics
17. A newly licensed registered nursing attendant is curious about the scope of care that he
or she has in caring for hospital patients undergoing conscious sedation. Which would be
the best source of information for this nursing attendant?
a. National Learner Nursing attendants Association
b. Nursing attendant Practice Act
c. ANA Standards of Professional Performance
d. National League for Nursing
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- B
Reasoning:->>>Nursing attendant practice acts provide the scope of practice defined by each
state or jurisdiction and set forth the legal limits of nursing practice. Nursing organizations
enable the nursing attendant to have access to present information and resources as well as a
voice in the profession. Nursing organizations include the ANA, the NLN, the ICN, Sigma Theta
Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, and the National Learner Nursing attendants
Association (NSNA).
DIFFICULT: Remembering OBJ: 1.7 TOPIC: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care NOT: Concepts: Primary care Law
18. The nursing learner is writing a paper about the direct hospital patient care role of
advancedpractice nursing attendants. Which advanced practice role would the learner
include in the report?
a. Nursing attendant Administrator
b. Clinical Nursing attendant Leader
c. Clinical Nursing attendant Specialist
d. Nursing attendant Educator
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- C
Reasoning:->>>There are four specialties in which nursing attendants provide direct hospital
patient care in advanced practice roles: certified nursing attendant midwife (CNM), nursing
attendant practitioner (NP), clinical nursing attendant specialist (CNS), and certified registered
nursing attendant anesthetist (CRNA).
Four additional advanced practice roles that do not always involve direct hospital
patient care are clinical nursing attendant leader (CNL), nursing attendant educator,
nursing attendant researcher, and nursing attendant administrator.
DIFFICULT: Remembering OBJ: 1.9 TOPIC: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
, NOT: Concepts: Primary care Law
19. The nursing attendant is determining the hospital patient care assignments for a nursing
unit. The nursing attendant knows which responsibility may be delegated to the licensed
practical nursing attendant?
a. Initiating the nursing care plans
b. Formulating Nursing diagnoses
c. Assessing a newly admitted hospital patient
d. Administering oral medications
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- D
Reasoning:->>>LPNs, or LVNs in California and Texas, are not RNs. They complete an
educational program consisting of 12 to 18 months of training, and then they must pass the
National Council Licensure Examination for Practical Nursing attendants (NCLEX-PN) to practice
as an LPN/LVN. They are under the supervision of an RN in most institutions and are able to
collect data but cannot perform an assessment requiring decision making, cannot formulate a
Nursing diagnosis, and cannot initiate a care plan. They may update care plans and administer
medications except for certain IV medications.
DIFFICULT: Applying OBJ: 1.9 TOPIC: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of
Care NOT: Concepts: Primary care Law
20. The nursing learner is taking a class in Nursing Research. In class the learner haslearned
which term that identifies the most abstract level of knowledge?
a. Metaparadigm
b. Philosophy
c. Conceptual framework
d. Nursing theory
ACCURATE ANSWER:-:- A
Reasoning:->>>A metaparadigm, as the most abstract level of knowledge, is defined as a
global set of concepts that identify and describe the central phenomena of the discipline and
explain the relationship between those concepts. For example, the metaparadigm for nursing
focuses on the concepts of person, environment, health, and nursing. The next level of
knowledge is a philosophy, which is a statement about the beliefs and values of nursing in
relation to a specific phenomenon such as health. The third level of knowledge is a nursing
conceptual framework, or model, which is a collection of interrelated concepts that provides
direction for nursing practice, research, and education. The fourth level of nursing knowledge is
a nursing theory, which represents a group of concepts that can be tested in practice and can
be derived from a conceptual model.
DIFFICULT: Remembering OBJ: 1.4 TOPIC:
Assessment MSC: NCLEX Hospital patient Needs Category: Health Promotion and
Maintenance
NOT: Concepts: Professionalism
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. The nursing attendant recognizes which statements contribute to the
understanding that nursing is considered a profession? (Choose all that apply.)
a. Nursing requires specialized training.
b. Nursing has a specialized body of knowledge.
