,TEST BANK FOR COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE THE BIOLOGY OF THE MIND
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FIFTH EDITION BY MICHAEL GAZZANIGA, RICHARD B IVRY, GEORGE R
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MANGUN mm
Chapter 1: A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES mm
1.1 Explain the origins of the field of cognitive neuroscience.
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1.2 Describe the roots of the debate over localization of function.
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1.3 Explain the ways in which brain structure was studied.
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1.4 Understand the philosophical origins of cognitive psychology.
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1.5 Discuss behaviorism and its principal tenets.
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1.6 Explain how and why cognitive psychology came to the forefront of the psychological fields.
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1.7 Identify the different methods that are used to measure brain function and structure.
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MULTIPLE CHOICE mm
1. What term was coined by Thomas Willis as a consequence of the case of Anne Green?
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a. psychopathology
b. cognition
c. neurology
d. psychosis
ANS: C m m DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 A Historical mm mm mm
Perspective OBJ:
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2. Aside from saving Anne Green’s life, Thomas Willis and Christopher Wren also
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a. created very accurate drawings of the brain.
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b. came up with the names of a number of brain structures.
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c. took the first steps that led to cognitive neuroscience.
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d. All of the answer options are correct.
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ANS: D m m DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical mm mm mm
Perspective OBJ:
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3. Each of the following are reasons why Willis is considered one of the early figures in
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cognitive neuroscience EXCEPT:
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a. He named many brain parts.
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b. He gave frequent lectures on specific brain regions.
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c. He was among the first to link behavioral deficits to brain damage.
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d. He created very accurate brain images.
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ANS: B m m DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical mm mm mm
Perspective OBJ:
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4. While studying brain function, it is often useful to think of development in terms of
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which is the perspective of
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a. cognition; cognitive neuroscience c. blood flow; magnetic resonance imaging
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b. survival; evolution d.
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ANS: B mm DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 A Historical mm mm
Perspective mm
OBJ: m m 1.1 MSC: m m Analyzing
, 5. Which stance would most likely hold an assumption that physical elements of the brain are
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responsible for the conscious mind?
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a. monism c. dualism
b. behaviorism d. relativism m m
ANS: A mm DIF: Medium REF: 1.1 A Historical
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Perspective
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OBJ: m m 1.1 MSC: Analyzing
6. René Descartes posited that the mind was separate from the body. However, he implicated a
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single brain structure, the pineal gland, as having what function?
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a. regulating feelings and emotions c. moderating cognitive processes
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b. connecting the mind and the body d. adjusting behavior
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ANS: B m m DIF: Easy REF: 1.1 A Historical mm mm mm
Perspective OBJ:
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7. Considering the perspective recommended for approaching cognitive neuroscience, which
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of the following would best explain how a cognitive function may have developed?
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a. learning and reward c. neurological dysfunction
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b. integration with technology d. hunting and gathering
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ANS: D mm DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1 A Historical mm mm
Perspective mm
OBJ: m m 1.1 MSC: m m Analyzing
8. A central issue of modern cognitive neuroscience is whether specific human cognitive abilities
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a. arise from networks of brain areas working together.
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b. are determined by the shape and size of the human skull or the brain beneath.
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c. are best studied using the scientific method.
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d. can be best identified using the Golgi silver method of staining or fMRI.
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ANS: A m m DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain mm mm mm
Story OBJ:
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9. The discipline of phrenology was founded by
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a. Broca and Wernicke. mm c. Ramón y Cajal and Sherrington.
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b. Fritsch and Hitzig. d. Gall and Spurzheim.
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ANS: D m m DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain mm mm mm
Story OBJ:
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10. Phrenologists believed that the contour of the skull could provide valuable information about an
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individual’s cognitive capacities and personality traits. This approach was based on the assumption
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that
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a. skull protrusions are caused by disproportionate development of the brain areas
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beneath them, which are responsible for different specific functions.
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b. certain traits such as aggressiveness lead to life experiences and injuries that
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alter the shape of the skull in specific ways.
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c. life experiences and injuries that alter the shape of the skull in specific ways lead to
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certain traits, such as aggressiveness.
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d. the development of the skull bones directly influences the configuration of the soft
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brain areas beneath them, which are responsible for different specific functions.
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ANS: A m m DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain
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Story OBJ:
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11. Localizationist is to mm mm as holistic is to
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a. Wernicke; Gall mm c. Flourens; Broca mm
, b. Gall; Flourens mm d. m m Broca; Wernicke mm
ANS: B m m DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain mm mm mm
Story OBJ:
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12. Gall’s method for investigating phrenology was flawed because
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a. he used the wrong language to explain the characteristics he observed.
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b. he did not tell Napoleon Bonaparte that he possessed noble characteristics.
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c. he sought only to confirm, not disprove, the correlations he observed.
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d. he used his own skull as the base model.
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ANS: C m m DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain mm mm mm
Story OBJ:
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13. The view known as aggregate field theory, which stated that the whole brain participates in
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behavior, is most associated with
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a. Broca. c. Brodmann.
b. Hughlings Jackson. d. Flourens.
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ANS: D m m DIF: Easy REF: 1.2 The Brain mm mm mm
Story OBJ:
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14. The key observation leading John Hughlings Jackson to propose a topographical organization
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in the cerebral cortex was that
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a. speech disturbances could be identified by left-hemisphere lesions.
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b. the two hemispheres of the brain served different functions.
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c. seizures begin in a localized region of the cortex.
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d. focal brain damage causes specific behavioral deficits.
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ANS: C m m DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain mm mm mm
Story OBJ:
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15. In developing phrenology, Gall’s main failure was that
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a. he did not seek disconfirming evidence.
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b. he was not a scientist.
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c. his method was correlational.
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d. All of the answer options are correct.
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ANS: D m m DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2 The Brain mm mm mm
Story OBJ:
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16. Giovanni visits his local phrenologist. What is this person likely to tell him?
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a. You are a domineering person.
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b. Your father was a very domineering person.
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c. Your brother is a domineering person.
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d. Your mother was a very domineering person.
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ANS: A m m DIF: Medium REF: 1.2 The Brain mm mm mm
Story OBJ:
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17. The view developed by Marie Jean Pierre Flourens, based on the idea that processes like
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language and memory cannot be localized within circumscribed brain regions, was known as
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a. the neuron doctrine.
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b. aggregate field theory. d. the law of effect.
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Story
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