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Samenvatting Architectuurtheorie S2
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Samenvatting architectuurtheorie semester 2 Prehistorie, Romeinserijk, Byzantijnse bouwkunst, ...
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ArchitectuurtheorieToegepaste architectuur - Howest
S2 2020-2021
,1 Inhoud
2 Inleiding en prehistorie ................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.1 Architectuur..................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.2 Stijl ................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Prehistorie ............................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.1 Megalithische tempels op Malta ..................................................................................... 5
2.2.2 Megalithische tempels van Tarxien, 3600 tot 2500 V.C .................................................. 6
3 Het Romeinse Rijk ........................................................................................................................... 7
3.1 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................. 12
3.2 De Romeinse tempel (Bouwtypologieën) ............................................................................. 13
3.3 Romeinse Theater en amfitheater ........................................................................................ 14
3.3.1 Theater .......................................................................................................................... 14
3.3.2 Amfitheater ................................................................................................................... 15
3.4 Overige typologieën .............................................................................................................. 16
4 Vroegchristelijke en Byzantijnse bouwkunst................................................................................. 18
4.1 Historische inleiding .............................................................................................................. 18
4.2 Architectuur kenmerken ....................................................................................................... 19
4.3 Voorbeelden .......................................................................................................................... 21
4.3.1 Mausoleum Santa Constanza ........................................................................................ 21
4.3.2 Santa Sabina Op de Aventijn ......................................................................................... 21
4.3.3 Basilico di San Marco ..................................................................................................... 23
4.3.4 Basilica di San Vitale ...................................................................................................... 24
4.3.5 Haghia Sophia ................................................................................................................ 25
4.3.6 San Apollinare in Classe ................................................................................................. 25
4.3.7 San Apollinare Nuovo .................................................................................................... 26
4.3.8 Santa Agnese Fuori le Mura .......................................................................................... 26
5 Karolingische periode .................................................................................................................... 27
5.1.1 De Pfalskapelle te Aghen D............................................................................................ 27
5.2 Basilicale opbouw met transept en westwerk ...................................................................... 28
5.2.1 Kloosterorden ................................................................................................................ 28
5.2.2 Saint Riquier .................................................................................................................. 28
5.2.3 Sankt Gallen ................................................................................................................... 29
6 Kenmerken van de religieuze Romaanse Bouwkunst ................................................................... 29
7 Vroeggotiek (Frankrijk) .................................................................................................................. 30
, 7.1 Start v/d gotiek in Frankrijk: Saint Denis, Sens en Noyon ..................................................... 30
7.1.1 Saint-Denis..................................................................................................................... 30
7.1.2 Kathedraal Sense ........................................................................................................... 31
7.1.3 Katherdraal in Noyon .................................................................................................... 31
8 Kathedraal Lanon........................................................................................................................... 32
8.1.1 Kathedraal van Doornik ................................................................................................. 34
8.1.2 Cluny lll .......................................................................................................................... 35
8.1.3 Soisson ........................................................................................................................... 35
8.1.4 Notre Dame ................................................................................................................... 35
8.1.5 Chartes (kathedraal) ...................................................................................................... 37
8.1.6 Reims ............................................................................................................................. 38
8.1.7 Amiens ........................................................................................................................... 39
8.1.8 Beuvais........................................................................................................................... 39
8.1.9 Bourges .......................................................................................................................... 39
8.2 Royannante en flamboyante gotiek in Frankrijk ................................................................... 40
8.2.1 Abdij kerk Saint Denis .................................................................................................... 40
8.2.2 Kathedraal Sées ............................................................................................................. 40
8.2.3 Sainte-Chapelle.............................................................................................................. 40
, 2 Inleiding en prehistorie
2.1 Inleiding
- Groot deel v. Westerse architectuurevolutie speelt zich af in Europa (behalve Mesopotamie en
Egypte)
- Elk regio verschill. Gewoonten ,wetten, grondstoffen, ontwikkeling bouwmateriaal
bv:
o Hout in Alpen → steile daken
o Steenbouw → vlakke dakvormen, dikke muren
2.1.1 Architectuur
- Grieken “oer-schepper” → bouwmeester
- Vandaag → architectuur → moeder van beeldende kunst
- Toevalligheden → ontstaan nieuwe dingen
- Kunstvorm
- Bouwwerken → bevredigen v. menselijke basisbehoeften (veiligheid)
psychische behoeften
- Overgang → binnen- naar buitenruimte
- Vragen
o Wie geeft d. opdracht tot de bouw?
o Wie voert het uit?
o Doel?
2.1.2 Stijl
- Manier v. uitdrukken
- Kunstwetenschap → kunstzinnige productie
- Samenvatting v. bepaalde karakteristieke bijzonderheden of kenmerken (gebouw)
o Bepaald tijdperk
o Bepaalde ‘school’
o Bepaalde kunstenaar
- Bouwwerk → representatief vr. tijdgeest (opdrachtgever, architect)
- Bouwen → duur → afhankelijk geld & macht
- Ontstaan v. huizen vr. mensen maar ook vr. Goden
- Bouwstijl hangt af v.:
o Periode of tijd
o Macht & geld
o Klimaat (kleine openingen)
o Regio (materiaal)
o Constructieve gewoonten (hout of steen)
o Individuele kunstenaar
o Functie (stadhuis,…)
o Typologie gebouw (kloosters, oude gevangenis)
2.2 Prehistorie
- Steentijd & metaal
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