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Samenvatting Architectuurtheorie Semester4
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Samenvatting bevat volgende elementen: industrialisering, expressionisme, Kubisme, Futurisme, Modernisme in Europa en VS Aanvullend met voorbeeldprojecten en foto's
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Architectuurtheorie 4Toegepaste architectuur - Howest
S4 2021-2022
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,Inhoudsopgave
Taxonomie van de 20E eeuwse architectuur ........................................................................................... 4
Industrialisering en modernisering ......................................................................................................... 4
1.1 De eerste modernen – Europese ontwikkeling van industriële architectuur ......................... 4
1.1.1 Anatole de Baudot (1834 – 1915) ................................................................................... 5
1.1.2 Françios Hennebique ....................................................................................................... 5
1.1.3 Auguste Perret................................................................................................................. 6
1.1.4 Charles Edouard Jeanneret a.k.a. Le Corbusier ............................................................... 8
1.1.5 Albert Kahn ...................................................................................................................... 8
1.1.6 Frank Lloyd Wright .......................................................................................................... 9
1.1.7 Hermann Mutheseus en de Deutscher Werkbund ......................................................... 9
1.1.8 Max Berg........................................................................................................................ 10
1.1.9 Peter Behnens ............................................................................................................... 11
1.1.10 Walter Gropius .............................................................................................................. 13
1.2 Het expressionisme in Duitsland ........................................................................................... 14
1.2.1 Peter Behrens ................................................................................................................ 14
1.2.2 Hans Poelzig................................................................................................................... 14
1.2.3 Bruno Taut ..................................................................................................................... 15
1.2.4 Rudolf Steiner ................................................................................................................ 16
1.2.5 Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe............................................................................................ 17
1.2.6 Frits Hoger ..................................................................................................................... 17
1.3 Het expressionisme in Nederland ......................................................................................... 18
1.3.2 Joan Melchior van der Mey ........................................................................................... 18
1.3.3 Piet Kramer .................................................................................................................... 19
1.3.4 Michel De Klerk.............................................................................................................. 19
1.4 Het Kubisme en Tsjechië ....................................................................................................... 20
1.4.1 Robert Delaunay ............................................................................................................ 20
1.4.2 Josef Chochol ................................................................................................................. 20
1.4.3 Josef Gocar .................................................................................................................... 20
1.5 Futurisme in Italië.................................................................................................................. 21
1.5.1 Filippo Tommaso Marinetti ........................................................................................... 21
1.5.2 Gino Severini.................................................................................................................. 22
1.5.3 Antonio Sant’Elia ........................................................................................................... 22
1.5.4 Mario Chiattone ............................................................................................................ 22
1.6 Constructivisme in Rusland (1917 – 1932) ............................................................................ 23
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, 1.6.1 Kazimir Malevitsj ........................................................................................................... 23
1.6.2 El Lissitzky (1880 – 1941) ............................................................................................... 24
1.6.3 Ivan Leonidov (1902 – 1959) ......................................................................................... 24
1.6.4 Vladmir Tatlin (1885 – 1953) ......................................................................................... 25
1.6.5 Konstantin Melnikov (1890 – 1974) .............................................................................. 25
1.6.6 Victor en Alexander Vesnin ........................................................................................... 26
1.6.7 Moisei Ginzburg............................................................................................................. 26
Modernisme en de internationale stijl .................................................................................................. 27
1.7 Modernisme in Frankrijk ....................................................................................................... 30
1.7.1 Le Corbusier ................................................................................................................... 30
1.7.2 Eileen Gray..................................................................................................................... 32
1.7.3 Pierre Chareau ............................................................................................................... 32
1.7.4 Robert Mallet Stevens ................................................................................................... 33
1.8 Modernisme in Duitsland ...................................................................................................... 33
1.8.1 Walter Gropius .............................................................................................................. 33
1.8.2 Ludwig Mies van der Rohe ............................................................................................ 33
1.8.3 Hannes Meyer ............................................................................................................... 34
1.9 Nederland .............................................................................................................................. 34
1.9.1 Johannes Andreas Brinkman ......................................................................................... 34
1.9.2 Leendert Cornelis Van Der Vlugt ................................................................................... 34
1.9.3 Jan Duiker ...................................................................................................................... 35
1.10 Modernisme in Groot-Brittannië........................................................................................... 36
1.10.1 Evan Owen Williams ...................................................................................................... 36
1.10.2 Joseph Emberton ........................................................................................................... 36
1.10.3 Berthold Lubetkin .......................................................................................................... 36
1.11 Modernisme in België............................................................................................................ 37
1.11.1 Maxim Brunfaut............................................................................................................. 37
1.11.2 Fernand Brunfaut .......................................................................................................... 37
1.12 Modernisme in Italië ............................................................................................................. 37
1.12.1 Guiseppe Terragni ......................................................................................................... 37
1.13 Modernisme in Scandinavië .................................................................................................. 38
1.13.1 Alvar Aalto ..................................................................................................................... 38
Modernisme in de VS ............................................................................................................................ 47
1.14 De eerste internationalisten.................................................................................................. 47
1.14.1 Rudolf Schindler ............................................................................................................ 47
1.14.2 Richard Neutra............................................................................................................... 48
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, 1.14.3 Walter Gropius .............................................................................................................. 49
1.14.4 Marcel Breuer ................................................................................................................ 50
1.14.5 Ludwig Mies van der Rohe ............................................................................................ 50
1.15 De Wolkenkrabber als toonbeeld van het modernisme ....................................................... 51
Neo-expressionisme .............................................................................................................................. 58
1.16 Scandinavisch humaan modernisme tot het expressionisme ............................................... 58
1.16.1 Alvar Aalto ..................................................................................................................... 58
1.16.2 Jorn Utzon...................................................................................................................... 60
1.17 Tegenstellingen en raakvlakken tijdend h. Laat modernisme in Europa .............................. 64
1.17.1 Hans Sharoun ................................................................................................................ 64
1.17.2 Marcel Breuer I.S.M Bernard Zegrfuss .......................................................................... 66
1.17.3 Pier Lugi Nervi................................................................................................................ 67
1.18 Absorptie v/h Europese expressionisme in Japan En Latijn…. .............................................. 68
1.19 Expressionisme tot organische architectuur i/d U.S ............................................................. 74
1.19.1 Wallace .......................................................................................................................... 74
Brutalisme ............................................................................................................................................. 79
1.20 Proto-brutalisme en le beton brut ........................................................................................ 79
1.20.1 Le corbusier ................................................................................................................... 79
1.21 The new brutalism ................................................................................................................. 85
1.21.1 De theoretische grondlegger van ‘The New Brutalism’ ................................................ 86
1.21.2 Pioniers v/h nieuwe Brutalisme .................................................................................... 86
1.22 Brutalisme als internationale stroming ................................................................................. 86
1.23 Brutalisme en monumentaliteit ............................................................................................ 86
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