Dit document omvat een uitgebreide samenvatting van de belangrijkste aspecten uit de 11e en 12e druk van het boek Exploring Strategy (geschreven door Gerry Johnson, Richard Whittington, Kevan Scholes, Duncan Angwin en Patrick Regner). In deze samenvatting zijn de hoofdstukken 1/tm 16 behandeld (met...
Op basis van de 11e en 12e druk
HOOFDSTUK 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,13,16
,Inhoudsopgave
Hoofdstuk 1. Introducing strategy..........................................................................................................7
1.1 Introductie....................................................................................................................................7
1.2 What is strategy?..........................................................................................................................7
1.2.1 Defining strategy....................................................................................................................7
1.2.2 The purpose of strategy: mission, vision, values and objectives............................................9
1.2.3 Strategy statements...............................................................................................................9
1.2.4 Levels of strategy.................................................................................................................10
1.3 The Exploring Strategy Framework.............................................................................................10
1.3.1 Strategic position.................................................................................................................11
1.3.2 Strategic choices..................................................................................................................11
1.3.3 Strategy in action.................................................................................................................11
1.4 Working with strategy................................................................................................................12
1.5 Studying strategy........................................................................................................................12
1.6 Exploring strategy further...........................................................................................................12
1.6.1 Exploring strategy in different contexts...............................................................................13
1.6.2 Exploring strategy through different ‘strategy lenses’.........................................................13
Hoofdstuk 2: Macro-environment analysis...........................................................................................14
2.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................14
2.2 PESTEL analysis...........................................................................................................................14
2.2.1 Politics..................................................................................................................................15
2.2.2 Economics............................................................................................................................15
2.2.3 Social....................................................................................................................................16
2.2.4 Technology..........................................................................................................................17
2.2.5 Ecological.............................................................................................................................17
2.2.6 Legal.....................................................................................................................................18
2.2.7 Key driver for change...........................................................................................................18
2.3 Forecasting.................................................................................................................................18
2.3.1 Forecasting approaches.......................................................................................................18
2.3.2 Directions of change............................................................................................................19
2.4 Scenario analysis.........................................................................................................................19
Hoofdstuk 3. Industry and sector analysis............................................................................................21
3.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................21
3.2 Industry analysis.........................................................................................................................21
3.2.1 Defining the industry...........................................................................................................22
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, 3.2.2 The competitive forces........................................................................................................22
3.2.3 Complementors and network effects..................................................................................24
3.2.4 Implications of the Competitive Fice Forces........................................................................24
3.3 Industry types and dynamics......................................................................................................24
3.3.1 Industry types......................................................................................................................24
3.3.2 Industry structure dynamics................................................................................................25
3.4 Competitors and markets...........................................................................................................26
3.4.1 Strategic groups...................................................................................................................26
3.4.2 Market segments.................................................................................................................27
3.4.3 Critical success factors and ‘Blue Oceans’............................................................................28
3.5 Opportunities and threats..........................................................................................................28
Hoofdstuk 4. Resources and capabilities analysis.................................................................................29
4.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................29
4.2 Foundations of resources and capabilities..................................................................................29
4.2.1 Resources and capabilities...................................................................................................29
4.2.2 Threshold and distinctive resources and capabilities...........................................................29
4.3 Distinctive resources and capabilities as a basis of competitive advantage...............................30
4.3.1 V - value of resources and capabilities.................................................................................30
4.3.2 R - rarity...............................................................................................................................30
4.3.3 I - inimitability......................................................................................................................30
4.3.4 O - organisational support...................................................................................................31
4.4 Analysing resources and capabilities..........................................................................................32
4.4.1 VRIO analysis........................................................................................................................32
4.4.2 The value chain and value system.......................................................................................32
4.4.3 Activity systems...................................................................................................................33
4.4.4 Benchmarking......................................................................................................................34
4.4.5 SWOT...................................................................................................................................34
4.5 Dynamic capabilities...................................................................................................................35
Hoofdstuk 5. Stakeholders and governance.........................................................................................36
5.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................36
5.2 Stakeholders...............................................................................................................................36
5.2.1 Stakeholder groups..............................................................................................................36
5.2.2 Stakeholder mapping...........................................................................................................36
5.2.3 Owners................................................................................................................................38
5.3 Corporate governance................................................................................................................38
5.3.1 The governance chain..........................................................................................................38
2
, 5.3.2 Different governance models..............................................................................................39
5.3.3 How boards of directors influence strategy.........................................................................39
5.4 Social responsibility....................................................................................................................40
Hoofdstuk 6. History and culture..........................................................................................................41
6.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................41
6.2 History and strategy....................................................................................................................41
6.2.1 Historical relationships........................................................................................................41
6.2.2 Historical analysis................................................................................................................42
6.3 Culture and strategy...................................................................................................................42
6.3.1 Geographically based cultures.............................................................................................43
6.3.2 Organisational fields............................................................................................................43
6.3.3 Organisational culture.........................................................................................................43
6.3.4 Culture’s influence on strategy............................................................................................44
6.3.5 Analysing culture: the cultural web.....................................................................................44
6.3.6 Undertaking cultural analysis...............................................................................................45
6.4 Strategic drift..............................................................................................................................45
Hoofdstuk 7. Business strategy and models.........................................................................................47
7.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................47
7.2 Generic competitive strategies...................................................................................................47
7.2.1 Cost leadership strategy......................................................................................................48
7.2.2 Differentiation strategy........................................................................................................49
7.2.3 Focus strategy......................................................................................................................49
7.2.4 Hybrid strategy....................................................................................................................50
7.2.5 The Strategy Clock...............................................................................................................50
7.3 Interactive strategies..................................................................................................................51
7.3.1 Interactive price and quality strategies................................................................................51
7.3.2 Game theory........................................................................................................................51
7.4 Business models.........................................................................................................................52
7.4.1 Value creation, configuration and capture..........................................................................52
7.4.2 Business models patterns....................................................................................................52
7.4.3 Multi-sided platforms..........................................................................................................53
Hoofdstuk 8. Corporate strategy..........................................................................................................54
8.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................54
8.2 Strategy directions......................................................................................................................54
8.2.1 Market penetration.............................................................................................................54
8.2.2 Product and service development.......................................................................................54
3
, 8.2.3 Market development...........................................................................................................55
8.2.4 Unrelated (conglomerate) diversification............................................................................55
8.3 Diversification drivers.................................................................................................................55
8.4 Diversification and performance................................................................................................55
8.5 Vertical integration.....................................................................................................................56
8.5.1 Forward and backward integration......................................................................................56
8.5.2 To integrate or to outsource?..............................................................................................56
8.5.3 Divestment..........................................................................................................................57
8.6 Value creation and the corporate parent...................................................................................57
8.6.1 Value-adding and value-destroying activities of corporate parents....................................57
8.6.2 The portfolio manager.........................................................................................................58
8.6.3 The synergy manager...........................................................................................................58
8.6.4 The parental developer........................................................................................................58
8.7 Portfolio matrices.......................................................................................................................58
8.7.1 The BCG (or growth/share) matrix.......................................................................................59
8.7.2 The directional policy (GE-McKinsey) matrix.......................................................................59
8.7.3 The parenting matrix...........................................................................................................60
Hoofdstuk 9. International strategy......................................................................................................62
9.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................62
9.2 Internationalisation drivers........................................................................................................62
9.3 Geographic sources of advantage...............................................................................................63
9.3.1 Locational advantage: Porter’s diamond.............................................................................63
9.3.2 The international value system............................................................................................64
9.4 International strategies..............................................................................................................64
9.5 Market selection and entry.........................................................................................................65
9.5.1 Country and market characteristics.....................................................................................65
9.5.2 Competitive characteristics..................................................................................................67
9.5.3 Entry mode strategies..........................................................................................................67
9.6 Subsidiary roles in an international portfolio..............................................................................68
9.7 Internationalisation and performance........................................................................................69
Hoofdstuk 11. Mergers, acquisitions and alliances...............................................................................70
11.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................70
11.2 Organic development...............................................................................................................70
11.3 Mergers and acquisitions..........................................................................................................70
11.3.1 Defining M&A....................................................................................................................70
11.3.2 M&A contexts....................................................................................................................70
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