Samenvatting Cursus neurofysiologie Patrick Calders
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Course
Neurowetenschappen
Institution
Universiteit Gent (UGent)
Eigen notities van lessen van Patrick Calders met aanvullingen (tekeningen vanuit de les) en inhoudstafel. Opdeling bestaat uit: neurobasis - sensoriek - motoriek. De samenvatting is volledig.
Samyn Luca
SAMENVATTING P. CALDERS
ACADEMIEJAAR 2023 - 2024
Samyn Luca
,Inhoud
Inleiding: neurobasis........................................................................................................................................ 11
De actiepotentiaal (AP) ..................................................................................................................... 11
Rustmembraan potentiaal............................................................................................................. 11
De AP ........................................................................................................................................... 11
Drempelwaarde ............................................................................................................................ 11
De synaptische en neuromusculaire transmissie ................................................................................ 12
Soorten synapsen ......................................................................................................................... 12
Functionele anatomie van synaps .................................................................................................. 12
Neurotransmissie.......................................................................................................................... 12
Exciterende en inhiberende synapsen ............................................................................................... 13
Exciterende synaps ....................................................................................................................... 13
Summatie ..................................................................................................................................... 13
Inhiberende synaps....................................................................................................................... 13
Modulatie van synapsen ................................................................................................................... 14
Functionele veranderingen............................................................................................................ 14
Anatomische veranderingen in de synaps ...................................................................................... 15
De neuromusculaire transmissie ....................................................................................................... 15
De functionele anatomie ............................................................................................................... 16
Neuromusculaire blokkering ......................................................................................................... 16
Myastenia gravis ........................................................................................................................... 16
Inleiding: reflex ................................................................................................................................................ 17
Wat is een reflex? ............................................................................................................................. 17
Reflexboog ....................................................................................................................................... 17
Receptor of zintuigcel ................................................................................................................... 17
Het afferent neuron ...................................................................................................................... 17
In CZS ........................................................................................................................................... 18
Efferent neuron............................................................................................................................. 18
Effectororgaan .............................................................................................................................. 18
Soorten reflexen ............................................................................................................................... 18
Monosynaptische reflex ................................................................................................................ 18
Polysynaptische reflex................................................................................................................... 18
Natuurlijke reflexen ...................................................................................................................... 18
Geconditioneerde reflexen ............................................................................................................ 18
Samyn Luca
, Werking van receptoren ................................................................................................................... 19
De sensoriële transductie .............................................................................................................. 19
Transductie ................................................................................................................................... 19
Adequate stimulus voor de receptor.............................................................................................. 19
Adequate stimulus ........................................................................................................................ 19
Adaptatie van receptoren.............................................................................................................. 20
Receptorpotentiaal samengevat........................................................................................................ 20
Samyn Luca
, DEEL SENSORIEK
Inleiding sensoriek ............................................................................................................................................21
Hoofdstuk 1: visueel ........................................................................................................................................ 22
Inleiding ........................................................................................................................................... 22
Anatomie van het oog ...................................................................................................................... 23
3 lagen ......................................................................................................................................... 23
Fovea ........................................................................................................................................... 23
Corpus vitrieum ............................................................................................................................ 23
Lens en lenszak ............................................................................................................................. 23
Voorkamer ................................................................................................................................... 23
Oogvocht ...................................................................................................................................... 24
Orbita (oogkassen)........................................................................................................................ 24
Optica .............................................................................................................................................. 24
Voorwaarden ................................................................................................................................ 24
Dioptrie (brekingsindex)................................................................................................................ 25
Accommodatie ............................................................................................................................. 25
Myopie en hypermetropie ................................................................................................................ 25
Myopie ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Hypermetropie ............................................................................................................................. 25
Fotoreceptoren ................................................................................................................................ 26
Perifere en centrale retina ................................................................................................................ 26
De pupil ........................................................................................................................................... 26
De retina !!! ......................................................................................................................... 26
Anatomie ..................................................................................................................................... 26
Lichtinval ...................................................................................................................................... 28
Staafjes en kegeltjes ..................................................................................................................... 28
Rhodopsinereceptor ..................................................................................................................... 29
Centraal vs. perifeer ...................................................................................................................... 29
Contrastboorden........................................................................................................................... 30
Ganglioncellen .............................................................................................................................. 31
Verwerken van informatie ................................................................................................................ 32
Visuele cortex ............................................................................................................................... 32
Area van Wernicke ........................................................................................................................ 32
Projecties ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Samyn Luca
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