Summary
Summary Fundamentals Chapter 5: Musculoskeletal
- Course
- NURS516 (NURS516)
- Institution
- University Of New Hampshire
Comprehensive review and outline of chapter 5 information from ATI book and in-class lectures.
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Musculoskeletal>
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- imaging
• rest • Xray - 10-15min
• ice - bone fractures, arthritis, osteoporosis,
• compress breast cancer, digestive tract
• elevate • ultrasound - 30-1hr
>
- bone classifications - gallbladder disease, breast lumps,
• long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid pregnancy, genital/prostate issues
>
- neurovascular assessment (5 Ps) • PET scan - 1.5-2hr
• pain - cancer, heart disease, coronary artery
• pulse disease, alzheimers, seizures, parkinsons
• pallor • MRI - 45-1hr
• paresthesia -aneurysms, MS, stroke, tumors, joint or
• paralysis tendon injuries
>
-
assessing musculoskeletal • CT scan - 10-15
• risk factors - trauma, arthritis, calcium intake, smoking, - bone fractures, tumors, cancers, heart
exercise disease, infections
• bone density - how tight bones are packed with calcium >
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vision
(peaks at 30) • myopia - nearsighted
>
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osteoarthritis - joitn inflammation, cartilage destruction, friction • hyperopia - farsighted
• symtpms - movement pain, morning joint stiffness, clicking • astigmatism - blurry, distorted
sound, tender joint • presbyopia - decrease in up close, small
• diagnosis - X rays, bone spurs, lack of space between joints, print
swelling • diabetic retinopathy - affects blood
& rheumatoid arthritis - autoimmune disease causing inflammation
vessels in retina
• symptoms - loss of appetite, morning stiffness, fatigue and - leads to vision loss, complete blindness
fever, bone disfigurement • cataracts - proteins in eye break down
• diagnostics - blood tests, x-rays, MRI and clump together
> postural misalignments
- blurry and cloudy vision
• lordosis - lower back tilt inward - colors faded, yellowing
• kyphosis - upper back rounded
• flat back - loss in curvature
• sway back - spine sags, head in front of pelvis
• scoliosis - C or S spine shape
& senses
• sensory deficit - difficulty with 1+ main senses
• deprivation - lacks ability to recieve sensory stimulus
• overload - recieves stimulus at rate beyond ability to
process
S assessing mental status
• awake and alert - AO x4
• lethargic - drowsy, can be aroused by name, shaking
• stuporous - unconcious mostly, shaken or shouted at to
wake
• comatose - cannot be aroused even with pain
• aphasia - cannot articulate/understand speech
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