Biofilms and
Eukaryotic Cells
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- virulence - severity of dose, how many organisms to cause disease
virulence factor - trait that contributes to ability of pathogen to cause infection
- promotes colonization, contributes to growth, evasion of immune system
glycocalyx - gelatinous structure that surrounds outside of cell, protection and forms biofilms
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• polysaccharides, polypeptides, glycoproteins
• capsule - tightly attached, prevents phagocytosis > endosymbiant theory - mitochondria and
• slime layer - loose, water soluble, easily deformed chloroplasts were free bacterial cells
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biofilm - microbes on surfaces enclosed in slime • contain own bacteria-like DNA, transcribe some
• traps nutrients, prevents detatchment of cells own tRNAS, own ribosomes
• protects from immune system, antibiotics
• internal biofilms hard to destroy - resistant to eukaryotic cell structures
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antibiotics, protected from immune system • nucleus - genome of cell, tightly packed by
histones
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capsules - Some Nasty Killers Have Serious Capsule Protection • cell membrane - phospholipid bilayer, sterols
• Strep pneumoniae (and group B strep) • mitochondria - site for Kreb's and ETC
• Neisseria meningitides • chloroplasts - photosynthesis
• Klebsiella pneumoniae • endoplasmic reticulum - protein synthesis
• Haemoniphilus influenzae type B • golgi apparatus - protein synthesis
• Salmonella typhi • hydrogenosomes - consume H2, CO2, prpduce
• Crytptococcus neoformans (fungi) Ch4
• Pseudomonas aerunginosa • lysosomes - transport digestive enzymes and
waste products
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- internal structures • cytoskeleton - gives shape
• cytoplasm - gel like substance where metabolism occurs • cilia and flagella - movement
• nucloid - area containing bacterial chromosome
• plasmid - closed loop of DNA, nonessential genetic info cell membrane - selectively permable
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• ribosome - RNA and protein • passive - doesn't need energy, down gradient
• inclusions - cytoplasmic nutrient storage sites (ie. • active - requires ATP, against gradient
carboxysomes, magentosomes)
solute concentration
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- endospores • hypertonic - water leaves cells
• vegetative cell - actively dividing and metabolizing cell • isotonic - equilibrium
• endospore - nongrowing, heat resistant, formed during • hypotonic - water enters cells
adverse environmental conditions
• can revert back under better conditions
- activation endocytosis - import into cell
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- germination • pinocytosis - dissolved substances
- outgrowth • phagocytosis - undissolved substances
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bacteria • receptor-mediated endocytosis
• bacillus anthracis - anthrax exocytosis - export from cell
• bacillus cereus - food poisoning phagocytosis - specialized immune cells (ie.
macrophage)
• clostidium tetani - tetanus
• phagolysosome (fusion with lysosome)
• clostridium botulinum - botulism
• clostridium perfringens - food poisoning and gas gangrene
• clostridium difficile - diarrhea and colitis
Eukaryotic Cells
>
- virulence - severity of dose, how many organisms to cause disease
virulence factor - trait that contributes to ability of pathogen to cause infection
- promotes colonization, contributes to growth, evasion of immune system
glycocalyx - gelatinous structure that surrounds outside of cell, protection and forms biofilms
>
-
• polysaccharides, polypeptides, glycoproteins
• capsule - tightly attached, prevents phagocytosis > endosymbiant theory - mitochondria and
• slime layer - loose, water soluble, easily deformed chloroplasts were free bacterial cells
>
-
biofilm - microbes on surfaces enclosed in slime • contain own bacteria-like DNA, transcribe some
• traps nutrients, prevents detatchment of cells own tRNAS, own ribosomes
• protects from immune system, antibiotics
• internal biofilms hard to destroy - resistant to eukaryotic cell structures
-
antibiotics, protected from immune system • nucleus - genome of cell, tightly packed by
histones
>
-
capsules - Some Nasty Killers Have Serious Capsule Protection • cell membrane - phospholipid bilayer, sterols
• Strep pneumoniae (and group B strep) • mitochondria - site for Kreb's and ETC
• Neisseria meningitides • chloroplasts - photosynthesis
• Klebsiella pneumoniae • endoplasmic reticulum - protein synthesis
• Haemoniphilus influenzae type B • golgi apparatus - protein synthesis
• Salmonella typhi • hydrogenosomes - consume H2, CO2, prpduce
• Crytptococcus neoformans (fungi) Ch4
• Pseudomonas aerunginosa • lysosomes - transport digestive enzymes and
waste products
>
- internal structures • cytoskeleton - gives shape
• cytoplasm - gel like substance where metabolism occurs • cilia and flagella - movement
• nucloid - area containing bacterial chromosome
• plasmid - closed loop of DNA, nonessential genetic info cell membrane - selectively permable
>
• ribosome - RNA and protein • passive - doesn't need energy, down gradient
• inclusions - cytoplasmic nutrient storage sites (ie. • active - requires ATP, against gradient
carboxysomes, magentosomes)
solute concentration
>
-
>
- endospores • hypertonic - water leaves cells
• vegetative cell - actively dividing and metabolizing cell • isotonic - equilibrium
• endospore - nongrowing, heat resistant, formed during • hypotonic - water enters cells
adverse environmental conditions
• can revert back under better conditions
- activation endocytosis - import into cell
>
- germination • pinocytosis - dissolved substances
- outgrowth • phagocytosis - undissolved substances
>
bacteria • receptor-mediated endocytosis
• bacillus anthracis - anthrax exocytosis - export from cell
• bacillus cereus - food poisoning phagocytosis - specialized immune cells (ie.
macrophage)
• clostidium tetani - tetanus
• phagolysosome (fusion with lysosome)
• clostridium botulinum - botulism
• clostridium perfringens - food poisoning and gas gangrene
• clostridium difficile - diarrhea and colitis
