Skin and Eye Infections
>
- skin as a protective barrier
> smallpox - variola major virus
-
• multiple layers of cells, normal microbiota, salinity/pH to
limit microbial growth • 30% mortality, highly contagious
• epidermis - first line of defense, tightly packed dead cells • worldwide eradication by 1980, few people
currently immune
- mostly keratinocytes (contain keratin), waterproofing
- Mpox (monkeypox) - related to smallpox
protein
• dermis • symptoms: fever, chills, fatigue, aches, rash
- melanin: antimicrobial properties and protects against • last 2-4 weeks
UV radiation • ↳ transmission: skin to skin via rash, scabs, fluid
- herpes virus 1
- perspiration: low pH & high salt content to inhibit
microbial growth, lysozyme breaks down peptidoglycan • HHV1/2 - herpes simplex viruses (HSV)
- sebum: oily substance with low pH lipids • painful itchy vesicles, contagious blisters (7-10
> rashes and lesions
- days)
• lesion - any observable abnormality of skin • often goes dormant, reactivate
- primary: directly associated with disease, key features • ↳ transmission: skin to skin
for infection diagnosis • hermetic labialis (oral), whitlow (fingers),
- secondary: less strictly defined, diverse origins encephalitis (high fatality)
• rash - more widespread eruptions of lesions, may be - measles (rubeola)
symptomatic or asymptomatic • reemerging d/t lack of vaccination
>
-
viral skin infections • ↳ transmission: respiratory
• direct: warts - cough, nasal discharge, eye redness, high
• systemic infections: transmission (ie. chickenpox, fever, rash
measles) • ↳ complications: secondary bacterial pneumonia,
> herpesviruses - large DNA viruses with spikes
- ear infections, encephalitis
• often become latent and reactivate later (lifelong • koplik's spots along gum line
infection) • 25% are hospitalized
• cause at least 5 skin diseases (ie. HSV, chickenpox, • subacute sclerosis pancencephalitis (SSPE)
shingles, rosella, kaposi sarcoma) - 1-10 years post infection; fatal neurological
>
- chickenpox (varicella) disease
• varicella zoster virus (VZV) - typically cause mild • MMR vaccine given under 12 months
childhood disease > rubella (german measles)
-
- low mortality unless complications • milder than rubeola
• ↳ transmission: respiratory, skin contact with pox lesions - pale pink rash starts off ace, light fever
- begins as general flu symptoms, virus localize in • ↳ transmission: respiratory
peripheral nerves/skin
• congenital rubella syndrome - severe fetal
- erupts into pus filled vesicles (live, infectious virus) damage in pregnancy
- typically less than 2 weeks • MMR vaccine
•↳ complications: meningitis, pneumonia, dehydration, - erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
shingles later • human parovirus B19
• varicella vaccine (varivax) given early childhood • mild flu like symptoms: fever, runny nose, HA
> shingles - latent varicella zoster reactivated
-
• 4 complications possible for pregnant, immune
• 1/3 with chickenpox will have deficient adults
• painful lesions along nerve rich areas (face, back, waist) roseola (HHV6/7)
-
- live virus, are infectious • common mild childhood disease
• incidence increases with age/immunocompromised (6months-2years)
patients • high fever, rash on neck and back
• ↳ complications: nerve damage, vision loss, paralysis, post • ↳ transmission: respiratory
hermetic neuralgia • virus carried by 80-85% adults - can
• vaccine over 50 (zostavax) reactivate
>
- skin as a protective barrier
> smallpox - variola major virus
-
• multiple layers of cells, normal microbiota, salinity/pH to
limit microbial growth • 30% mortality, highly contagious
• epidermis - first line of defense, tightly packed dead cells • worldwide eradication by 1980, few people
currently immune
- mostly keratinocytes (contain keratin), waterproofing
- Mpox (monkeypox) - related to smallpox
protein
• dermis • symptoms: fever, chills, fatigue, aches, rash
- melanin: antimicrobial properties and protects against • last 2-4 weeks
UV radiation • ↳ transmission: skin to skin via rash, scabs, fluid
- herpes virus 1
- perspiration: low pH & high salt content to inhibit
microbial growth, lysozyme breaks down peptidoglycan • HHV1/2 - herpes simplex viruses (HSV)
- sebum: oily substance with low pH lipids • painful itchy vesicles, contagious blisters (7-10
> rashes and lesions
- days)
• lesion - any observable abnormality of skin • often goes dormant, reactivate
- primary: directly associated with disease, key features • ↳ transmission: skin to skin
for infection diagnosis • hermetic labialis (oral), whitlow (fingers),
- secondary: less strictly defined, diverse origins encephalitis (high fatality)
• rash - more widespread eruptions of lesions, may be - measles (rubeola)
symptomatic or asymptomatic • reemerging d/t lack of vaccination
>
-
viral skin infections • ↳ transmission: respiratory
• direct: warts - cough, nasal discharge, eye redness, high
• systemic infections: transmission (ie. chickenpox, fever, rash
measles) • ↳ complications: secondary bacterial pneumonia,
> herpesviruses - large DNA viruses with spikes
- ear infections, encephalitis
• often become latent and reactivate later (lifelong • koplik's spots along gum line
infection) • 25% are hospitalized
• cause at least 5 skin diseases (ie. HSV, chickenpox, • subacute sclerosis pancencephalitis (SSPE)
shingles, rosella, kaposi sarcoma) - 1-10 years post infection; fatal neurological
>
- chickenpox (varicella) disease
• varicella zoster virus (VZV) - typically cause mild • MMR vaccine given under 12 months
childhood disease > rubella (german measles)
-
- low mortality unless complications • milder than rubeola
• ↳ transmission: respiratory, skin contact with pox lesions - pale pink rash starts off ace, light fever
- begins as general flu symptoms, virus localize in • ↳ transmission: respiratory
peripheral nerves/skin
• congenital rubella syndrome - severe fetal
- erupts into pus filled vesicles (live, infectious virus) damage in pregnancy
- typically less than 2 weeks • MMR vaccine
•↳ complications: meningitis, pneumonia, dehydration, - erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
shingles later • human parovirus B19
• varicella vaccine (varivax) given early childhood • mild flu like symptoms: fever, runny nose, HA
> shingles - latent varicella zoster reactivated
-
• 4 complications possible for pregnant, immune
• 1/3 with chickenpox will have deficient adults
• painful lesions along nerve rich areas (face, back, waist) roseola (HHV6/7)
-
- live virus, are infectious • common mild childhood disease
• incidence increases with age/immunocompromised (6months-2years)
patients • high fever, rash on neck and back
• ↳ complications: nerve damage, vision loss, paralysis, post • ↳ transmission: respiratory
hermetic neuralgia • virus carried by 80-85% adults - can
• vaccine over 50 (zostavax) reactivate
