1. Which of the following is the most common cause of chronic
kidney disease in adults?
A) Polycystic Kidney Disease
B) Recurrent Kidney Infections
C) Hypertension
D) Diabetes Mellitus
ANS: D) Diabetes Mellitus
, Rationale: Diabetes Mellitus is the leading cause of chronic
kidney disease due to long-term damage to the glomeruli in the
kidneys caused by high blood sugar levels.
2. What is the primary goal in the management of heart failure in
adults?
A) Increase fluid intake
B) Enhance exercise tolerance
C) Decrease cardiac workload and increase efficiency
D) Prevent infections
ANS: C) Decrease cardiac workload and increase efficiency
Rationale: Reducing cardiac workload and enhancing the
heart's efficiency improve symptoms and prevent further cardiac
deterioration.
3. Aspirin is contraindicated in which adult patients with a
history of gastrointestinal issues?
A) Stroke patients
B) Patients with renal insufficiency
C) Hypertensive patients
D) Patients with peptic ulcer disease
ANS: D) Patients with peptic ulcer disease
, Rationale: Aspirin can irritate the gastric mucosa, increasing
the risk of bleeding in patients with peptic ulcer disease.
4. Which hormone replacement therapy is most commonly
prescribed for postmenopausal women to reduce symptoms?
A) Estrogen only
B) Progesterone only
C) Estrogen-progesterone combination
D) Testosterone
ANS: C) Estrogen-progesterone combination
Rationale: Estrogen-progesterone combination is prescribed
to relieve menopausal symptoms and prevent osteoporosis while
reducing the risk of endometrial cancer.
5. A patient with COPD is experiencing an acute exacerbation.
Which of the following therapies should be initiated first?
A) Oral corticosteroids
B) Intravenous antibiotics
C) Supplemental oxygen
D) Bronchodilator therapy
ANS: D) Bronchodilator therapy
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