1. Which imaging modality is most appropriate for diagnosing a
congenital heart defect in a newborn?
- A) MRI
- B) CT Scan
- C) Echocardiogram
- D) X-ray
ANS: C) Echocardiogram
, Rationale: Echocardiograms are non-invasive and provide
detailed images of heart anatomy and function, ideal for
diagnosing congenital heart defects in infants.
2. What is the primary reason for using a Broselow tape in
pediatric emergency care?
- A) To assess developmental milestones
- B) To determine the child's heart rate
- C) To estimate weight for medication dosing
- D) To measure lung capacity
ANS: C) To estimate weight for medication dosing
Rationale: Broselow tape is a color-coded tool used to estimate
a pediatric patient's weight based on height, which is crucial for
accurate medication dosing in emergencies.
3. Which condition is an absolute contraindication for lumbar
puncture in children?
- A) Fever
- B) Increased intracranial pressure
- C) Seizure history
- D) Recent antibiotic use
ANS: B) Increased intracranial pressure
, Rationale: Performing a lumbar puncture when increased
intracranial pressure is suspected can cause brain herniation.
4. In managing a child with diabetic ketoacidosis, what is the
initial fluid therapy recommended?
- A) 0.9% NaCl (Normal Saline)
- B) D5W (5% Dextrose Water)
- C) Lactated Ringer’s
- D) 0.45% NaCl
ANS: A) 0.9% NaCl (Normal Saline)
Rationale: Initial treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis involves
rehydration with isotonic fluids like normal saline to correct
dehydration.
5. Which test is best for evaluating renal function in a pediatric
patient?
- A) Serum creatinine
- B) Blood urea nitrogen
- C) Creatinine clearance
- D) Urinalysis
ANS: C) Creatinine clearance
, Rationale: Creatinine clearance is a more accurate measure of
renal function as it reflects how well the kidneys can filter
creatinine from the blood.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:
6. The _________________ maneuver is used to assess the
reducibility of a dislocated hip in infants.
ANS: Ortolani
Rationale: The Ortolani maneuver involves abducting the hip
and feeling a 'clunk' as the dislocated femoral head reenters the
acetabulum.
7. In pediatric patients, the most common cause of acute
glomerulonephritis is post-infection with _________________
bacteria.
ANS: Streptococcus
Rationale: Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is common
after a streptococcal throat or skin infection.
8. The _________________ is used during neonatal
resuscitation to assess heart rate.
ANS: Apgar score
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