Exam (elaborations)
History 17B Final Exam Actual Solutions
- Course
- HIST 17B
- Institution
- Sierra College
History 17B Final Exam Actual Solutions
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Q&AHistory 17B Final Exam Actual
Solutions
Borderlands Theory - Answers - "The West" was a product of
hemispheric, even global processes. Borderlands are defined by fluid state-
tribal interactions, border crossings, and historical changes coming from
multiple directions—not a simple east to the west narrative.
- Tired of Frontier Thesis; tired of racist interpretations, tired of History
moving East to West
- Opposition to Frontier Thesis
- Often excessive violence but no hegemony
- Captivity, ethnic diversity, and hybrid identities
Second Industrial Revolution - Answers - The Second Industrial
Revolution took local communities and their new products out of the
shadow of large regional agricultural based economies which was assisted
by new labor forces and production techniques.
- During the Second Industrial Revolution, innovations in transportation,
such as roads, steamboats, the Eerie Canal, and most notably railroads,
linked distant, previously isolated communities together.
- Abundant natural resources
- Growing supply of labor
- Expanded markets
, Q&A
- Capital for investment
- Active government—tariffs, land grants, conquest of Indians
- By 1913, American produces 1/3 of global industrial output
- Positives: Lower prices for consumers, new jobs and opportunities,
technological innovation
- Negatives: cycles of boom and bust become more pronounced and
frequent, many workers and small businesses lose out, farmers negatively
affected, growing inequality and corruption of politics, specter of monopoly
Sharecroppers - Answers - To make a living, former slaves often
chose to remain with their former masters as sharecroppers or tenant
farmers.
- Tenant farmers: farmers would rent a portion of land to farm; used their
own animals, supplies, and equipment, and normally paid 1/4th of their
harvest to the landowner for their rent
- Sharecroppers: owned nothing, and had to pay a larger portion of their
harvest in exchange for land and borrowed supplies/animals
- Both sharecropping and tenant farming made it almost impossible to
achieve any sort of socio-economic progress.
Battle of Little Bighorn - Answers - Lt. Colonel George Custer and
his 7th U.S. Cavalry engage the Sioux and Cheyenne Indians on the bluffs
above Little Bighorn River
- All 264 members of the 7th cavalry and Custer perish in the battle, the
most complete rout in American military history
, Q&A
Rise of Big Businesses - Answers -New machines and technologies
helped business grow
-Andrew Carnegie used a new invention to start his steel company
-John D. Rockefeller started Standard Oil
the company became a corporation, it bought small companies → this got
rid of competition. Standard Oil became a monopoly → it owned 90% of
America's oil No competition meant consumers had fewer choices,
monopolies could provide poor service or charge higher prices
-After making large fortunes, Carnegie and Rockefeller gave millions of
dollars to schools, libraries, churches, and hospitals
**Wealth by Andrew Carnegie
-Carnegie states that although there are drawbacks that resulted from the
rise of big businesses, the positives this rise has brought outweigh the
"price". The rise of big businesses has brought "wonderful material
development" as well as "improved conditions" for all of society as a result.
-tone of free labor ideology
The Gilded Age - Answers - The rags-to-riches stories of self-made
men such as Rockefeller and Carnegie inspired many Americans to believe
that they too could grow rich.
- However, most people who made millions of dollars had not been raised
in poverty. Many belonged to the upper classes and had attended college.
Most began their careers with the advantage of money or family
connections. For the rich, the late 1800s was a time of fabulous wealth.
Writers Mark Twain and Charles Warner named the era the Gilded Age.
- To gild is to coat an object with gold leaf. Gilded decorations were popular
during the era.
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