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Complete Test Bank Molecular Biology of the Cell 6th Edition Alberts Questions & Answers with rationales (Chapter 1-24) $17.99
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Complete Test Bank Molecular Biology of the Cell 6th Edition Alberts Questions & Answers with rationales (Chapter 1-24)
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Complete Test Bank Molecular Biology of the Cell 6th Edition Alberts Questions & Answers with rationales (Chapter 1-24)

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  • January 17, 2025
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL, SIXTH EDITION q q q q q q




CHAPTER 1: CELLS AND GENOMES q q q q q



© Garland Science 2015
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1 Scientists discover more than ten thousand new species of living organisms every year.
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q What is shared between all of these organisms?
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A. They are made of cells, whose nuclei enclose their DNA.
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B. They obtain their energy from sunlight.
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C. They produce and use adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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D. Their genome contains at least 1000 genes.
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E. All of the above.
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2 All cells …
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A. have membrane transport proteins.
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B. synthesize proteins on the ribosome. q q q q



C. replicate their genome by DNA polymerization. q q q q q



D. transcribe their genetic information by RNA polymerization.
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E. All of the above. q q q




3 Imagine a segment of DNA (within a gene) encoding a certain amount of information in
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its nucleotide sequence. When this segment is fully transcribed into mRNA and then translated
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into protein, in general, …
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A. the protein sequence would carry more information compared to the DNA and mRNA
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sequences, because its alphabet has 20 letters.
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q B. the protein sequence would carry less information compared to the DNA and mRNA
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sequences, because several codons can correspond to one amino acid.
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C. the amount of information in the mRNA sequence is lower, because the mRNA has
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been transcribed using only one of the DNA strands as the template.
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D. the amount of information in the mRNA sequence is higher, because several mRNA
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molecules can be transcribed from one DNA molecule.
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4 Which of the following processes that happens inside a cell DOES NOT normally require
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consumption of free energy by the cell?
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, A. Replication of the genetic material q q q q



B. Import of nutrients from the environment
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C. Diffusion of small molecules within the cell q q q q q q



D. Regulation of gene expression q q q



E. Synthesis of enzymes that catalyze cellular reactions q q q q q q




5 Which of the following would you N OT expect to find in a bacterial cell?
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A. Swimming using flagella q q



B. Having a cell wall around the plasma membrane q q q q q q q



q C. ATP production in mitochondria
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D. Protein production on the ribosome q q q q



E. Sexual exchange of DNA with other bacteriaq q q q q q




6 To trace family relationships between distantly related organisms such as humans, algae,
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bacteria, and archaea, one should compare their genomes in regions …
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A. that evolve rapidly.
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B. that have a higher mutation rate.
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C. that code for proteins.
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D. where mutations are hardly tolerated.
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E. where most mutations are selectively neutral.
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7 Laboratory strains of the model organism Escherichia coli that are resistant to antibiotics
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are very often used in research laboratories as well as in the biotechnology industry. If cultures
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q of such bacteria were allowed to contaminate the environment uncontrollably, it is possible that
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qat some point, pathogenic bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis (which causes meningitis and
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can cause death, especially in children) could acquire the same antibiotic-resistance gene,
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q causing a meningitis outbreak that is difficult to treat. In this scenario, which of the following
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mechanisms is a more likely source of the antibiotic-resistance gene in N. meningitidis?
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A. Random new gene generation q q q



B. Intragenic mutation q



C. Gene duplication q



D. DNA segment shuffling q q



E. Horizontal gene transfer q q




8 A virus …
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A. is a type of cell.
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, B. has genetic material made of proteins.
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C. can only infect a single host species.
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D. can act as a vector for gene transfer.
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E. cannot persist in its host for more than one cell generation.
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9 Which of the following does NOT typically involve horizontal gene transfer?
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A. Sexual reproduction in humans q q q



B. Bacteriophage infection of bacteria q q q



C. The evolutionary history of the eukaryotic cell
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D. The accidental duplication of a small region of a bacterial chromosome followed by
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cell division
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E. Introduction of plasmids into bacteria in a laboratory q q q q q q q




10 Gene duplication can give rise to homologous genes that are part of gene families. For
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example, there are six actin genes in the genome of most mammalian species. In humans, the
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ACTB gene, which encodes a cytoskeletal actin, is expressed ubiquitously, while ACTC1 is
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expressed mainly in cardiac cells. Although bacteria lack the eukaryotic cytoskeletal
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qorganization, the bacterial MreB gene bears recognizable sequence similarity to mammalian
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actin genes and codes for a protein that is similar to actin in structure and function. Which of the
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following statements is true about these genes?
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A. ACTB is homologous to ACTC1 but not to MreB.
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B. ACTB is orthologous to ACTC1 but not to MreB.
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C. ACTB is paralogous to ACTC1 but not to MreB.
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D. MreB is orthologous to ACTB but not to ACTC1.
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E. ACTB is paralogous to both ACTC1 and MreB.
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11 Out of nearly 5000 protein-coding gene families, there is a set of nearly 300 conserved
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gene families that are found in species from all domains of life. When one looks at the general
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q functions assigned to these gene families, it is found that …
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A. the majority of them function in cell-to-cell signaling.
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B. the majority of them are poorly characterized.
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C. more than one-third of them are involved in translation or amino acid transport
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and m etabolism.
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D. more than one-half of the shared families are involved in DNA replication
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and transcription.
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E. Nearly all of them are involved in energy production and carbohydrate metabolism.
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, 12 Which of the following is true regarding Escherichia coli?
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A. Most of our understanding about mitosis comes from studies on this model organism.
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B. It is a rod-shaped bacterium that can only grow in the gut of humans and
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other vertebrates.
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C. Two strains of E. coli can differ by up to 0.1% in their genomes.
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D . E. coli strain K-12 encodes about 4300 proteins.
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E. The E. coli (strain K-12) genome is about 430 million nucleotide pairs long.
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13 Which of the following is NOT true regarding the tree of life?
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A. Most bacteria and archaea have 1000 to 6000 genes in their genomes.
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B. Eukaryotes are more similar to archaea than to bacteria with respect to the
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proteins that act on their DNA.
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C. Most bacteria and archaea have genome sizes between one and ten million nucleotide
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pairs, whereas eukaryotic genomes can be millions of times larger.
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D. Archaeal species were thought to belong to the eukaryotic world before
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sequence analysis placed them in a separate domain of life.
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E. Photosynthetic bacteria are thought to be the ancestors of the eukaryotic chloroplasts. q q q q q q q q q q q




14 A mutation in the cdc28 gene in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae causes cell-
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cycle arrest, giving rise to unbudded cells that look like “dumbbells.” Treatment of wild-type
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cells with nocodazole, a drug that destabilizes some cytoskeletal polymers, leads to a similar
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phenotype. Based only on these observations, which statement is true regarding cdc28?
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A. cdc28 codes for a master regulatory kinase that phosphorylates other proteins.
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B. Nocodazole binds to the protein coded by the cdc28 gene.q q q q q q q q q



C. The product of the cdc28 gene is responsible for resistance to nocodazole.
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D. The product of the cdc28 gene is involved in cell cycle regulation.
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E. The product of cdc28 destabilizes the same cytoskeletal polymers that
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qnocodazole also destabilizes. q q




15 Which of the following structures is exclusively found in eukaryotic cells?
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A. Plasma membrane q



B. Cell wall q



C. Chromosome
D. Ribosome
E. Lysosome

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