o Afferente, sensorische zenuwstelsel
- Informatie van receptoren naar CZS
o Efferente, motorische zenuwstelsel
- Informatie van CZS naar effectoren
• Willekeurige, somatische, animale ZS (SZS)
➢ Onder controle van vrije wil
• Onwillekeurige, autonome, vegetatieve ZS (AZS)
➢ Niet onder controle van vrije wil
❖ (Ortho)sympatisch ZS: fight, fright & flight reacties
❖ Parasympatisch ZS: rest & digest reacties
,8.2 Celorganisatie ZS
Het onderscheid tussen neuronen en neuroglia beschrijven op basis van vorm en
functie
Neuron of zenuwcel
o Functionele eenheid van ZS
o Cellichaam
- Celkern
- Geen centriolen → geen mitose → geen vervanging na schade
- Veel mitochondriën → veel energieverbruik → Na-K-ATPase-pompen in
celmembraan (zie lager)
- RER en vrije ribosomen ~ lichaampjes van Nissl → grijs (dus grijze stof →
cellichamen)
o Dendriet
- Brengt signaal naar cellichaam
o Axon
- Voert signaal weg van cellichaam
- Synapsknop
, Neuroglia of steuncellen
o CZS
- Astrocyten → ondersteunen cellichamen & handhaven bloed-hersen-barrière
(BHB) via eindvoetjes
- Oligodendrocyten → isolatie axon dankzij mergschede met myeline → wit (dus
witte stof → axonen)
- Microgliacellen → fagocytose want afkomstig van witte bloedcellen
Witte bloedcellen(leukocyten):
• vallen ziekteverwekkers (pathogenen) aan
• verwijderen gifstoffen, afvalstoffen, of beschadigde cellen
- Ependymcellen → bekleding centrale kanaal en ventrikels & productie
cerebrospinaal vocht (CSV)
o PZS
- Satellietcellen → ondersteunen cellichamen
- Schwanncellen → myelinisatie axon
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