, Inhoudsopgave
1. Algemene theorie...............................................................................................................................4
1.1 Domesticatie en Centre’s of Diversity...........................................................................................4
1.2 Fokdoelen / veredelingsdoelen....................................................................................................4
1.3 Selectie op kwantitatieve eigenschappen.....................................................................................5
1.3.1 Componenten van genetische variatie..................................................................................6
1.4 Erfelijkheidsgraad (heritability = h2)..............................................................................................7
1.5 Breeding value en fokwaarde.......................................................................................................7
1.6 Selectie-intensiteit en resultaat....................................................................................................8
1.6.1 Maatregelen om het selectieresultaat te verbeteren............................................................8
1.7 Selectie op fenotypes...................................................................................................................9
1.8 Moleculaire merkers en hun gebruik in een selectieprogramma...............................................10
1.9 Inteelt(coëfficiënt) en verwantschap..........................................................................................11
1.10 Kruisingen.................................................................................................................................12
1.11 Extinctiespiraal..........................................................................................................................12
1.12 Ploïdie.......................................................................................................................................12
1.12.1 Terminologie en notatie....................................................................................................12
1.12.2 Genetische achtergrond....................................................................................................13
1.12.3 Ontstaan van ongereduceerde gameten...........................................................................13
1.12.4 Praktische oplossingen voor ploïdieproblemen.................................................................13
2. Plantenverdeling...............................................................................................................................15
2.1 Het induceren van genetische variatie bij planten......................................................................15
2.1.1 Kruising................................................................................................................................15
2.1.2 Zelfbevruchting....................................................................................................................15
2.1.3 Genetische transformatie....................................................................................................15
2.1.4 Mutatie veredeling..............................................................................................................15
2.2 Plantenveredeling: vegetatief vermeerderde gewassen............................................................15
2.2.1 Redenen voor vegetatieve vermeerdering..........................................................................16
2.2.2 Voor- en nadelen van vegetatieve vermeerdering..............................................................16
2.2.3 Vegetatieve vermeerdering via zaad...................................................................................16
2.2.4 Vegetatieve vermeerdering van hybride-ouderlijnen..........................................................16
2.2.5 Instandhouding en vermeerdering van rassen van vegetatief vermeerderde gewassen.....16
2.2.6 Selectiemethodes................................................................................................................17
2.3 Verdeling van zelfbevruchters....................................................................................................17
2.3.1 Massale vermeerdering.......................................................................................................18
2
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