Exam (elaborations)
Exam (elaborations) NSG 530 (NSG530)
- Course
- NSG 530
- Institution
- Wilkes University
Advanced pathophysiology exam 3 (nsg530) latest 2025 edition with 100% correct answers - wilkes
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NSG 530- Exam 3 Wilkes1. Role of digestive system: produce energy from food ingested, transfer
energy-rich nutrients, water, and electrolytes into the body's internal
environment
2. gastrointestinal tract components: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
3. functions of the gastrointestinal system: movement, secretion, digestion,
and absorption
4. alimentary canal: GI tract-digestive tube that extends from the mouth to the
anus single hallow tube
5. Layers of the gastrointestinal tract: mucosa(outermost), submucosa,
muscularis, serosa/adventitia (innermost)
6. enteric (intramural) plexus: controls mobility, secretion, sensation and blood
flow
7. functions of saliva: lubrication, antibacterial action, pH regulation,
thermoregulation, enzymatic digestion
8. phases of swallowing: oropharyngeal and esophageal
9. oropharyngeal swallowing: voluntary (striated) food formed into bolus and
forced towards pharynx
10. esophageal swallowing: involuntary (smooth muscle) food bolus enters
esophagus, peristalsis occurs to move food down to lower esophageal
sphincter
11. how many permanent teeth are there in adults: 32
12. three pairs of salivary glands: parotid glands, sublingual glands,
submandibular glands
13. Saliva has a pH of: about 7.4, used to neutralize bacterial acids and prevents
tooth decay
14. mucin: sticky mucus that lines digestive and respiratory tract traps
microorganisms- provides lubrication
15. upper esophageal sphincter: Keeps air from entering the esophagus during
respiration
16. lower esophageal sphincter: Prevents regurgitation from the stomach and
caustic injury to the esophagus
17. Functions of the stomach: stores food
, .
secretes digestive juices
mixes food with the juices
propels partially digested food (chyme) into duodenum
18. Chyme: Partially digested, semiliquid food mixed with digestive enzymes and
acids in the stomach.
19. functional areas of the stomach: the fundus (upper portion), body (middle
portion), and antrum (lower portion).
20. cardiac orifice: opening between esophagus and stomach
21 pyloric sphincter: ring of muscle that guards the opening between the
stomach and the duodenum
22. pylorus: distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum
23. The stomach has three layers of muscle: - longitudinal, circular, and oblique
(most prominent)
24. rugae: the folds in the mucosa lining the stomach
25. the stomach is impermeable to what?: water, but can absorb alcohol and
aspirin as they are lipid soluble.
26. blood to stomach is supplied by _____?: celiac artery- abundant!
27. Three phases of gastric secretion:
1. cephalic phase
2. gastric phase
3. intestinal phase
28. Motilin: increases peristalsis
29. Secretin: decreases peristalsis
30. Gastric mixing and emptying: - Retropulsion
- Rate dependent on volume, osmotic pressure, and chemical composition
31. Stimulation of gastric secretion: -Eating
-Gastrin
-Paracrine pathways
-Acetylcholine
-Chemicals
--Ethanol, coffee, protein
32. intrinsic factor: makes the absorption of vitamin B12 happen
33. gastroferritin: binds Fe2+ and transports it to small intestine
34. phases of gastric secretion:
, .
1. cephalic phase
2. gastric phase
3. intestinal phase
35. Gastric juices include: - Pepsin, an enzyme that digests protein
- Other Enzymes
- Hydrochloric Acid
- Mucus
- Salts
- Water
36. acid plays what role in gastric secretion?: dissolves food fibers, act as
bactericide, convert pepsinogen to pepsin
37. Pepsin: Enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach secreted by chief
cells
38. Mucous in stomach: Protects stomach cells from gastric juices
39 small intestine: Digestive organ where most chemical digestion and
absorption of food takes place
40. Three sections of the small intestine: 1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
41. ileocecal valve: valve between the ileum of the small intestine and the
cecum of the large intestine
42. peritoneum: Double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs
43. mesentery: a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts
of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
44. duodenum: first part of the small intestine- supplied by the gastroduodenal
artery
45. jejunum: second part of the small intestine-supplied by mesentery artery
46. ileum: the last and longest portion of the small intestine-supplied by
mesentery artery
47. myenteric plexus: controls gastrointestinal motility
48. Two layers of small intestine: longitudinal (outer) and circular (inner) 49.
absorption through villi:: enterocytes microvilli brush border lamina propria
lacteal
crypts of Lieberkühn
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