Summary
Summary Topic 1 Cardiovascular Disease
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Edexcel Biology Topic 1 Cardiovascular Disease, Treatments, Atherosclerosis, Blood Clotting, Factors,
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Cardio Vascular DiseaseAtherosclerosis : Disease process that leads to CHD and strokes
either block
can
directly artery
-
an
S.I units increase its chance
of being blocked
by blood clot
-
a
-Cardiac muscle cells can be deprived
of Oxygen causing
a heart attack
(myocardial infarction)
to brain
-
block of artery is stroke
Atherosclerosis
. The
1 cells
process
: endothelium in the
coronary artery can become damaged
due to high blood pressure and toxins from smoking
. This
2 results in an
inflammatory response
.
White blood cells move into the
(DL cholestrol
artery wall . also builds up
making a
fatty desposit
,
called an atteroma .
. Calcium
3 salts and
fibrous tissue build up resulting in a hand
swelling called an atherosclerotic plaque
.
The
calcification and fibrous
tissue results in the loss of elasticity in the wall .
4
. Plaques cause the lumen of he
coronary
artenies to be narrower
.
This results in an increase in blood pressure
. This is a positive feedback
loop dure to
high blood pressure more plaques willform .
. Platelets
Blood
Clotting :
2
come into contact with damaged vessel wall
they Thechange
from fluttered discs to
spheres with
long thin
projections
. cell
surface change to them to stick to the exposed collagen in the wall
,
causing
and each other,
activating more platelets
Clotting Cascade
2 Platelets
. and damaged tissue release a protein called thromboplastin
3
. Thromboplastin activates that catalyses the conversion
an
enzyme
of the inactive protein prothrombin into an
enzyme called thrombin
.
Protein factors of Calcium ions and vitamin K are .
needed
4 Thrombin catalyses the
. conversion
of soluble protein fibrogen , into the insoluble
, S.I units
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