Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 30. The Child with Neuromuscular or Muscular Dysfunction
- Course
- Pediatric nursing
- Institution
- Baylor College Of Medicine
Chapter 30. The Child with Neuromuscular or Muscular Dysfunction
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Chapter 30. The Child with Neuromuscular or Muscular DysfunctionMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the most common cause of cerebral palsy (CP)?
a. Central nervous system (CNS) diseases
b. Birth asphyxia
c. Cerebral trauma
d. Neonatal encephalopathy
ANS: D
Approximately 80% of CP is caused by unknown prenatal causes. Neonatal encephalopathy in
term and preterm infants is believed to play a significant role in the development of CP. CNS
diseases such as meningitis or encephalitis can result in CP. Birth asphyxia does contribute to
some cases of CP. Cerebral trauma, including shaken baby syndrome, can result in CP.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: dl. 1632
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
2. Spastic cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by which clinical manifestations?
a. Athetosis, dystonic movements
b. Tremors, lack of active movement
, c. Hypertonicity; poor control of posture, balance, and coordinated motion
d. Wide-based gait; poor performance of rapid, repetitive movements
ANS: C
Hypertonicity and poor control of posture, balance, and coordinated motion are part of the
classification of spastic CP. Athetosis and dystonic movements are part of the classification of
dyskinetic or athetoid CP. Tremors and lack of active movement may indicate other neurologic
disorders. A wide-based gait and poor performance of rapid, repetitive movements are part of the
classification of ataxic CP.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: dl. 1619
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
3. What type of cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common type?
a. Ataxic
b. Spastic
c. Dyskinetic
d. Mixed type
ANS: B
Spastic CP is the most common clinical type. Early manifestations are usually generalized
hypotonia, or decreased tone that lasts for a few weeks or may extend for months or as long as 1
, year. It is replaced by increased stretch reflexes, increased muscle tone, and weakness. Ataxic,
dyskinetic, and mixed type are less common forms of CP.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: dl. 1619
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
4. The parents of an infant with cerebral palsy (CP) ask the nurse if their child will have
cognitive impairment. The nurses response should be based on which knowledge?
a. Affected children have some degree of cognitive impairment.
b. Around 20% of affected children have normal intelligence.
c. About 45% of affected children have normal intelligence.
d. Cognitive impairment is expected if motor and sensory deficits are
severe. ANS: C
Children with CP have a wide range of intelligence, and 40% to 50% are within normal limits. A
large percentage of children with CP do not have mental impairment. Many individuals who
have severely limiting physical impairment have the least amount of intellectual compromise.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: dl. 1620
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
5. Gingivitis is a common problem in children with cerebral palsy (CP). What preventive
measure should be included in the plan of care?
a. High-carbohydrate diet
b. Meticulous dental hygiene
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