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BIOL 101 Chapter 8 Lecture Notes $12.89
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BIOL 101 Chapter 8 Lecture Notes

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This is a comprehensive and detailed note on Chapter 8; DNA replication, binary fission and mitosis. An Essential Study Resource just for YOU!!

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  • January 19, 2025
  • 4
  • 2021/2022
  • Class notes
  • Prof. ryan
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Chapter 8 – DNA Replication, Binary Fission, and Mitosis

Overview of cell replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
1. Prokaryotes: Cells replicate by binary fission – a process that includes chromosome replication
and cell division.
2. Eukaryotes: The cell cycle consists of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
a. The interphase is the longest part of
the cell cycle. It includes
G1 (Gap 1) – Normal cell functions. Chromosomes are
unduplicated.
S (Synthesis) – DNA is replicated.
G2 – The cell prepared to divide
b. During mitosis, the nucleus divides,
producing 2 nuclei, each with the original chromosome
number.
c. Mitosis usually is followed by cytokinesis. During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides,
resulting in two identical cells. Functions of mitosis
1. Unicellular organisms (mostly protists) – Mitosis provides a way to reproduce asexually (without
combining genetic material from 2 parents).
2. Multicellular organisms – Growth and repair.


Mitosis and chromosome number
1. Diploid cells have 2 sets of chromosomes. For example, human body cells have 46
chromosomes or 23 pairs. Body cells (non-gamete cells) are called somatic cells.
2. Haploid cells have 1 set of chromosomes. For example, human gametes (eggs and sperm) each
have 23 unpaired chromosomes.
3. In diploid cells, chromosomes come in pairs: one from each parent. Paired chromosomes are
called homologous chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes carry genes for the same traits.
4. (n) tells how many of each type of chromosome is present in a cell. 1n represents haploid cells.
2n represents diploid cells.




Biology 101 Page 1 of 4

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