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Cell Cycle Notes
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PDF file containing notes from Cell Cycle lecture from the Cells to Systems Module in Pharmacology. Has diagram explaining the cell control mechanisms. Content is for A-level students
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🍙Cell Cycle
Created @December 2, 2024 9:44 PM
Class Cells to Systems
Cell cycle
Instructions for producing cell parts
DNA must be replicated
Every new cell has identical copy of DNA
Mechanisms in place to ensure copies are identical
Interphase
G1
Cell grows larger
more organelles are produced
“Checkpoint” is established
Ensures no damage is present
S Phase
Rapid DNA replication and duplication of the centrosome for DNA
separation
G2
Cell increases in size
reorganises cell contents
checks for DNA structure
Cell Cycle 1
, Mitosis
Nuclear division
Cytokinesis
Cells moving apart
Mitosis
Cell division producing two identical cells
Daughter cell gets perfect cell of chromosomes
Too few/ too many chromos can lead to improper function in cells
Mitosis Steps
Early prophase- Chromosome division, and chromos begin to condense
Late prophase/ prometaphase- Spindle organises chromosomes which are
very compact, nuclear envelope breaks down
Metaphase- Chromosomes align on the centre line and attach to spindle
fibres from opposite sides
Anaphase- Chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite ends of the
cell
Telophase- Cell has nearly completed dividing and normal structures
come to be
Cytokinesis- Cytoplasm splits and produces two new cells
Quiescence- No cell cycle occurring but process can happen
Senescence- Cells divided too many times, it has reached its limit
Cells Stop Replicating
Hayflick Limit- Limitation on human cell division
Cell Cycle 2
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